Low Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 18;108(10):e1106-e1116. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad207.
Luigi di Filippo 1, Stefano Frara 1, Fabrizio Nannipieri 2, Alice Cotellessa 3, Massimo Locatelli 3, Patrizia Rovere Querini 4, Andrea Giustina 1
Long COVID with neurocognitive symptoms had low Vitamin D initially and 6 months later
Context: Long COVID is an emerging syndrome affecting 50% to 70% of COVID-19 survivors that still lacks predicting factors.
Objective: Due to the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, we retrospectively assessed the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and long COVID in COVID-19 survivors 6 months after hospitalization.
Methods: Long COVID was defined according to NICE guidelines. Fifty long COVID and 50 non-long-COVID subjects matched on a 1:1 basis were enrolled from an outpatient clinic post-COVID cohort seen from August to November 2020. Therapies/comorbidities affecting calcium/vitamin D/bone metabolism, and/or admission to the intensive care unit during hospitalization were exclusion criteria. 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured at hospital admission and 6 months after discharge.
Results: We observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels, evaluated at follow-up, in subjects with long COVID than those without (20.1 vs 23.2 ng/mL, P = .03). Regarding the affected health areas evaluated in the entire cohort, we observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels in those with neurocognitive symptoms at follow-up (n = 7) than those without (n = 93) (14.6 vs 20.6 ng/mL, P = .042). In patients presenting vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), both at admission and at follow-up (n = 42), those affected by long COVID (n = 22) presented lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up than those not affected (n = 20) (12.7 vs 15.2 ng/mL, P = .041). In multiple regression analyses, lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up were the only variable significantly associated with long COVID in our cohort (P = .008, OR 1.09, CI 1.01-1.16).
Conclusion: COVID-19 survivors with long COVID have lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than matched patients without long COVID. Our data suggest that vitamin D levels should be evaluated in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. The role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive strategy of COVID-19 sequelae should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
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60+ Vitamin D Life pages have LONG-HAUL or LONG-COVID in the title
Items found: 65
| Title | | Modified |
| Inflammation causes low iron, which triggers long-COVID – March 2024 | | 04 Apr, 2024 |
| Long-COVID 3.1 X more likely if insufficient amounts of Magnesium and Vitamin D – March 2024 | | 24 Mar, 2024 |
| Long-COVID a month shorter if more than 20 ng of Vitamin D - Jan 2024 | | 31 Jan, 2024 |
| Hypothesis: Both Long COVID and Vaccine Injury are caused by Spike Protein, proposed detox – Nov 2023 | | 24 Nov, 2023 |
| Long-COVID: Vitamin D was the only statistically significant factor - Oct 2023 | | 31 Oct, 2023 |
| Long COVID with Neuro-Cognitive symptoms had especially low vitamin D levels – Sept 2023 | | 19 Sep, 2023 |
| The ONLY Solution to Long COVID (Vitamin D) - video and transcript Sept 2023 | | 12 Sep, 2023 |
| Long-COVID can hide in the body for years in scores of locations – Sept 2023 | | 09 Sep, 2023 |
| One in five people with long COVID can no longer work (Doctors in this case) - Sept 2023 | | 02 Sep, 2023 |
| Number of people with long COVID could be vastly underestimated - Aug 2023 | | 01 Sep, 2023 |
| Long-COVID associated with 37 poor genes (no Vitamin D genes) – July 2023 | | 03 Aug, 2023 |
| COVID, Long-COVID and Vitamin D in children - Review April 2023 | | 09 Jul, 2023 |
| Fasting may reduce inflammation and long-COVID - June 2023 | | 11 Jun, 2023 |
| The US believes you have long-COVID if you have more than 12 points (no treatment yet) - May 2023 | | 25 May, 2023 |
| COVID, Long COVID, and Vitamin D – May 2023 | | 06 May, 2023 |
| 2nd COVID infection increases the risk of Long-COVID - 2022 | | 22 Jan, 2023 |
| Vitamin D might also help the Long-COVID older adult – Jan 2023 | | 07 Jan, 2023 |
| Long-COVID fatigue reduced by Vitamin C and l-Arginine in one month– RCT Nov 2022 | | 24 Nov, 2022 |
| Adrenal, Long-COVID and Vitamin D - several studies | | 31 Oct, 2022 |
| Long Covid, Short Magnesium - Chambers April 2022 | | 30 Oct, 2022 |
| Fatigue and other long-haul problems appear to be associated with low Magnesium - Chambers Oct 2022 | | 30 Oct, 2022 |
| Long-COVID symptoms in 10 Percent of women 3 months after infection (22 countries) – Oct 2022 | | 29 Oct, 2022 |
| Long-COVID is now the biggest COVID concern - many studies | | 16 Oct, 2022 |
| Epstein-Barr Virus probably causes Long-COVID, CFS, and MS - many studies | | 02 Oct, 2022 |
| Anti-oxidants and Long-Covid (Mg, Glutamate, Butyrate, etc) – Sept 2022 | | 02 Oct, 2022 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and long-haul COVID-19 | | 26 Sep, 2022 |
| Over Two Million Americans Aren’t Working Due to Long-COVID - Aug 2022 | | 27 Aug, 2022 |
| Long-COVID: often had not been hospitalized - May 2022 | | 25 Aug, 2022 |
| COVID virus persists in most body tissues (Long-COVID) - 2022 | | 23 Aug, 2022 |
| Long-COVID in Vitamin D Life | | 16 Aug, 2022 |
| LONG-COVID may be permanent in 1 in 200 of people infected – July 2022 | | 06 Aug, 2022 |
| Long-Haul more prevalent among seniors - June - 2022 | | 26 Jun, 2022 |
| Long-Haul can now be claimed a work disability in the UK – June 2022 | | 24 Jun, 2022 |
| Half as much Long-Haul with Omicron - June 2022 | | 19 Jun, 2022 |
| Half as much Long-Haul with Omicron - June 2022 | | 19 Jun, 2022 |
| COVID Spike persists in Long Haul - June 2022 | | 18 Jun, 2022 |
| COVID Long-Haul prevalence increases with time: 50% at 4 months - meta June 2022 | | 17 Jun, 2022 |
| COVID and Magnesium - hypothesis, clinical trials, Long-Haul - Oct 2021 | | 10 Jun, 2022 |
| Mass disabling events: Polio, WWII, HIV, and COVID Long-Haul - June 2022 | | 06 Jun, 2022 |
| 1 in 5 Americans who got COVID had Long-Haul for a while - CDC May 2022 | | 27 May, 2022 |
| Long-Haul COVID after 3 months – only 5 percent had even 30 ng of Vitamin D – April 2022 | | 04 May, 2022 |
| Hypothesis: 2 long-haul COVIDs: had mild symptoms and had needed ICU - April 2022 | | 15 Apr, 2022 |
| COVID Long-Haul at 49 weeks: overactive immune system, type O blood - March 2022 | | 07 Apr, 2022 |
| Children have less severe COVID, but just as much long-haul as adults - April 2022 | | 06 Apr, 2022 |
| Dietary Recommendations for COVID Long-Haul – March 2022 | | 20 Mar, 2022 |
| Mild Long-Haul 4.2 X more likely if type O blood - preprint March 16, 2022 | | 20 Mar, 2022 |
| Long-Haul COVID is somewhat less of a problem if vaccinated – Nov 2021 | | 18 Mar, 2022 |
| COVID long-haul: 1 million in US too sick to work, many cannot get compensation - March 2021 | | 09 Mar, 2022 |
| COVID Long-Haul NYT - Feb 2022 | | 19 Feb, 2022 |
| COVID Long-Haul fought by probiotics - Jan 2022 | | 29 Jan, 2022 |
| COVID Long-Haul predicted by 4 factors (Epstein-Barr virus, etc) – Jan 24, 2022 | | 26 Jan, 2022 |
| Some COVID-19 infection become COVID Long-Haul - Nov 2020 | | 15 Dec, 2021 |
| Long-haul after breakthrough COVID – Nov 2021 | | 11 Dec, 2021 |
| Long-haul, VAERS, Ivermectin, vaccines, etc. Drs. Seheult, Patrick: Video with table of contents - Sept 17, 2021 | | 21 Sep, 2021 |
| Your Brain on Covid-19 Long-Haul, Dr. Galland video and transcript - Aug 1, 2021 | | 07 Aug, 2021 |
| Long-haul COVID-19 blood tests at Mayo include vitamin D (but no results published) – July 2021 | | 20 Jul, 2021 |
| Most people with Long-Haul COVID-19 have low Vitamin D – July 2021 | | 15 Jul, 2021 |
| ‘Long haul’ COVID rehab worse than cancer rehab, CDC – July 2021 | | 13 Jul, 2021 |
| Long-Haul COVID-19 occurred to 1 in 20 who had been asymptomatic (a study of 2 million with COVID-19) – June 2021 | | 15 Jun, 2021 |
| COVID-19 Long haul - excellent graph - systematic review May 26, 2021 | | 26 May, 2021 |
| COVID-19 vaccines look good in the short term, but probably not good for the long term | | 29 Apr, 2021 |
| Long-haul COVID-19 - another hint that Vitamin D should help - Dec 2020 | | 16 Apr, 2021 |
| Probably fewer long-haul COVID-19 problems when rejuvenated immune system (Vitamin D, etc.)– Dec 2020 | | 21 Feb, 2021 |
| Long-haul fatigue, etc. common after viral infections (SARS1,2, MERS, Swine, 1918,...) | | 21 Feb, 2021 |
| Long-distance truck drivers more likely to get COVID-19 (perhaps UVA)- July 2020 | | 12 Aug, 2020 |