T1 Diabetic adults 5X more likely to get COVID (hint low vitamin D)– Nov 2022

Impact of diabetes status and related factors on COVID-19-associated hospitalization: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 116,370 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Diabetes Res Clin Pract . 2022 Nov 15;110156. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110156
Erin M Tallon 1 , Osagie Ebekozien 2 , Janine Sanchez 3 , Vincent S Staggs 4 , Diana Ferro 4 , Ryan McDonough 4 , Carla Demeterco-Berggren 5 , Sarit Polsky 6 , Patricia Gomez 3 , Neha Patel 7 , Priya Prahalad 8 , Ori Odugbesan 9 , Priyanka Mathias 10 , Joyce M Lee 11 , Chelsey Smith 12 , Chi-Ren Shyu 13 , Mark A Clements 4

Aims: We examined diabetes status (no diabetes; type 1 diabetes T1D; type 2 diabetes T2D) and other demographic and clinical factors as correlates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization. Further, we evaluated predictors of COVID-19-related hospitalization in T1D and T2D.

Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data from the Cerner Real-World DataTM (CRWD) de-identified COVID-19 database (December 2019 through mid-September 2020; 87 US health systems). Logistic mixed models were used to examine predictors of hospitalization at index encounters associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results: In 116,370 adults (>=18 years old) with COVID-19 (93,098 no diabetes; 802 T1D; 22,470 T2D), factors that independently increased risk for hospitalization included diabetes, male sex, public health insurance, decreased body mass index (BMI; <25.0-29.9 kg/m2), increased BMI (>25.0-29.9 kg/m2), vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and Elixhauser comorbidity score. After further adjustment for concurrent hyperglycemia and acidosis in those with diabetes, hospitalization risk was substantially higher in T1D than T2D and in those with low vitamin D and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Conclusions: The higher hospitalization risk in T1D versus T2D warrants further investigation. Modifiable risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, BMI, and elevated HbA1c may serve as prognostic indicators for COVID-19-related hospitalization in adults with diabetes.

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