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44X increase in Bipolar Disorder in youth in a decade – Sept 2007

Bipolar Disorder category in Vitamin D Life has 14 items

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All of the Bipolar category articles


September 2007, Vol 64, No. 9
Carmen Moreno, MD; Gonzalo Laje, MD; Carlos Blanco, MD, PhD; Huiping Jiang, PhD; Andrew B. Schmidt, CSW; Mark Olfson, MD, MPH
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(9):1032-1039. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.9.1032.

Context Although bipolar disorder may have its onset during childhood, little is known about national trends in the diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder in young people.

Objectives To present national trends in outpatient visits with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and to compare the treatment provided to youth and adults during those visits.

Design We compare rates of growth between 1994-1995 and 2002-2003 in visits with a bipolar disorder diagnosis by individuals aged 0 to 19 years vs those aged 20 years or older. For the period of 1999 to 2003, we also compare demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of youth and adult bipolar disorder visits.

Setting Outpatient visits to physicians in office-based practice.

Participants Patient visits from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1999-2003) with a bipolar disorder diagnosis (n = 962).

Main Outcome Measures Visits with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder by youth (aged 0-19 years) and by adults (aged ≥ 20 years).

Results The estimated annual number of youth office-based visits with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder increased from 25 (1994-1995) to 1003 (2002-2003) visits per 100 000 population, and adult visits with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder increased from 905 to 1679 visits per 100 000 population during this period. In 1999 to 2003, most youth bipolar disorder visits were by males (66.5%), whereas most adult bipolar disorder visits were by females (67.6%); youth were more likely than adults to receive a comorbid diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (32.2% vs 3.0%, respectively; P < .001); and most youth (90.6%) and adults (86.4%) received a psychotropic medication during bipolar disorder visits, with comparable rates of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants prescribed for both age groups.

Conclusions There has been a recent rapid increase in the diagnosis of youth bipolar disorder in office-based medical settings. This increase highlights a need for clinical epidemiological reliability studies to determine the accuracy of clinical diagnoses of child and adolescent bipolar disorder in community practice.

PDF is attached at the bottom of this page
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Bi-polar as a % of all youth admissions: 0.01% (1994-1995), 0.44% (2002-2003)

The Story Behind the Rise in Bipolar Diagnoses

  • Chart was based on visits to regular doctors, not mental health specialists
  • It is is a study of doctors’ diagnostic behaviors, not of actual bipolar disorder prevalence rates.
  • NAMCS records visits rather than individual patients, and the number of duplicated data for individual patients is unknown.
  • Blader et al. (2007) showed that– Population-adjusted rates of hospital discharges of children (in-patients) with a primary diagnosis of BD
    1.3 per 10,000 U.S. children 1996, 7.3 in 2004. = 4.6 X in 8 years = 5.7 X in a decade

Bipolar seems to have increased even more among black youth (low vitamin D)

From Bipolar Disorder In Children–A Diagnosis in the Doghouse April 2012
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Black teens consuming media 13 hours/day, white teens 8.5 hours__ - generally indoors, and getting even less access to the sun

see wikipage:http://www.vitad.org/tiki-index.php?page_id=1752


The impact of periventricular white matter lesions in patients with bipolar disorder type I - Jan 2014

CNS Spectr. 2014 Jan 10:1-12.
Serafini G1, Pompili M1, Innamorati M1, Girardi N2, Strusi L3, Amore M4, Sher L5, Gonda X6, Rihmer Z6, Girardi P1.

Introduction White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are one the most common neuroimaging findings in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). It has been suggested that WMHs are associated with impaired insight in schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients; however, the relationship between insight and WMHs in BD type I has not been directly investigated.
METHODS:Patients with BD-I (148) were recruited and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Affective symptoms were assessed using Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17); the presence of impaired insight was based on the corresponding items of YMRS and HDRS17.
RESULTS:Multiple punctate periventricular WMHs (PWMHs) and deep WMHs (DWMHs) were observed in 49.3% and 39.9% of the cases, respectively. Subjects with lower insight for mania had significantly more PWMHs (54.6% vs 22.2%; p < 0.05) when compared to BD-I patients with higher insight for mania. The presence of PWMHs was independently associated with lower insight for mania: patients who denied illness according to the YMRS were 4 times more likely to have PWMHs (95% CI: 1.21/13.42) than other patients.
CONCLUSIONS:Impaired insight in BD-I is associated with periventricular WMHs. The early identification of BD-I subjects with PWMHs and impaired insight may be crucial for clinicians.

PMID: 24411553


Less sun more Bipolar Disorder - Oct 2014

Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder: An international multisite study
Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 167, 1 October 2014, Pages 104–111
Michael Bauera, , , Tasha Glennb, Martin Aldac, Ole A. Andreassend, Elias Angelopoulose, Raffaella Ardauf, Christopher Baethgeg, Rita Bauera, Frank Bellivierh, i, Robert H. Belmakerj, Michael Berkk, l, m, Thomas D. Bjellad, Letizia Bossinin, Yuly Bersudskyj, Eric Yat Wo Cheungo, Jörn Conella, Maria Del Zompop, Seetal Doddk, q, Bruno Etainr, i, Andrea Fagiolinin, Mark A. Fryes, Kostas N. Fountoulakist, Jade Garneau-Fournieru, Ana González-Pintov, Hirohiko Harimaw, Stefanie Hasselx, Chantal Henryr, i, Apostolos Iacovidest, Erkki T. Isometsäy, z, Flávio Kapczinskiaa,

Background
The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode.

Methods
Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations.

Results: There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California.

Limitations: Recall bias for onset and family history data.

Conclusions: A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders.


Nutritional and Safety Outcomes from an Open-Label Micronutrient Intervention for Pediatric Bipolar Spectrum Disorders Oct 2013

Abstract says the study tried some unspecified amount of vitamin D, which did help.
Results are frustatingly behind a $51 paywall


See also web

has the following chart: 7X increase of bipolar of all ages in a decade (4.3X in 6 years) US
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  • Woman describing her bipolar life - 4 minute video Oct 2017
  • "While ADHD is chronic or ongoing, bipolar disorder is usually episodic, with periods of normal mood interspersed with depression, mania, or hypomania."
  • Bipolar Mercola April 2018, Vitamin D not mentioned
  • The role of vitamin D in bipolar disorder: Epidemiology and influence on disease activity - Sept 2020
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.039 - behind paywall
    • "vitamin D status does not differ between BD and other psychiatric conditions"

Mood disorders helped by Vitamin D, Omega-3, etc -Jan 2017

Clinical use of nutraceuticals in the adjunctive treatment of depression in mood disorders.
Australas Psychiatry. 2017 Jan 1:1039856216689533. doi: 10.1177/1039856216689533. [Epub ahead of print]
Sarris J1. Pfessor of Integrative Mental Health, NICM, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, and; Principal Research Fellow, The University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic, Professorial Unit, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this paper is to detail a summary of the current evidence in this area, to better inform clinical practice. Our recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of nutrient pharmacotherapies in the treatment unipolar depression revealed primarily positive results for replicated studies testing

  • S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe),
  • methylfolate,
  • omega-3 (EPA or ethyl-EPA), and
  • Vitamin D;

with supportive isolated studies found for creatine and an amino acid combination. Mixed results were found for zinc, folic acid, Vitamin C, and tryptophan; and non-significant study results for inositol. In bipolar depression, omega-3 and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) were found to have supportive evidence, with an isolated study using a chelated mineral formula also displaying efficacy. No major adverse effects were noted in the studies (aside from occasional minor digestive disturbances with omega-3 and NAC).

CONCLUSIONS:
Several clinical considerations are needed when psychiatrists are considering prescribing nutrients, including knowledge of drug interactions, supplement safety and quality issues, individual psychological and biochemical individualities, in addition to cost factors.

PMID: 28135835 DOI: 10.1177/1039856216689533


US has the highest lifetime prevelance of bipolar (note: this will tend to ignore youth)

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Bipolar treated by bright light (similar to SAD?) -RCT Oct 2017

Bright light therapy at midday helped patients with bipolar depression

  • "Patients were randomly assigned to either a 7,000 lux bright white light or a 50 lux placebo light. The light therapy patients were instructed to place the light box about one foot from their face for 15-minute sessions to start. Every week, they increased their exposure to the light therapy by 15-minute increments until they reached a dose of 60 minutes per day or experienced a significant change in their mood" doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16101200.

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short URL to this page = https://vitad.org/Bipolar

Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
10519 Bipolar light.jpg admin 11 Sep, 2018 01:57 28.91 Kb 2490
3556 Bipolar around the world.jpg admin 19 Jan, 2014 13:58 47.11 Kb 10080
3555 bipolar-scale.jpg admin 18 Jan, 2014 23:52 30.58 Kb 10408
3554 bipolar trends.gif admin 18 Jan, 2014 23:39 5.52 Kb 15017
3553 Bipolar black.jpg admin 18 Jan, 2014 18:00 12.24 Kb 5464
3552 Bipolar increased 44X.jpg admin 18 Jan, 2014 17:37 35.49 Kb 9444
3551 Biopolar 2007.pdf PDF admin 18 Jan, 2014 17:36 119.98 Kb 826
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