Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 108, Issue 6, 1 Dec 2018, Pages 1249–1258, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy274
Qi Dai Xiangzhu Zhu JoAnn E Manson Yiqing Song Xingnan Li Adrian A Franke Rebecca B Costello Andrea Rosanoff Hui Nian Lei Fan
Mg involved with Vitamin D in 5 places (another study says 8)
PDF shows
Virtually all participants had colon adenomas (and perhaps gut problems)
wonder if results also apply to people without adenomas
All participants has >700 mg to < 1200 mg of Calcium
Wonder if results apply to people not taking so much Calcium
Note: Calcium is known to decrease colon adenomas
Note: This is a strong interaction between Calcium and Magnesium
Vitamin D levels were changed by about only 3 ng
Note: From trial listing: Magnesium glycinate daily for 12 weeks
- Magnesium is vital to Vitamin D in 4 places (maybe 8) – March 2018
- One Common Mistake That Will Foil Your Vitamin D Supplement Benefits – Mercola March 2018
- Hypothesis: Magnesium accounts for some of the variation in vitamin D response – Oct 2013
- Magnesium and Vitamin D very synergistic – Aug 2013
- If at high risk of vitamin D deficiency, get a higher response if take more Magnesium – Sept 2013
- Response to vitamin D increased 30 percent with Magnesium - Nov 2018
- They found that Mg increased all Vitamin D levels by ~29% - no reversal at 30 ng
- Grassroots Health plot of the previous data
Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via Vitamin D Life
Background
Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that enzymes that synthesize and metabolize vitamin D are magnesium dependent. Recent observational studies found that magnesium intake significantly interacted with vitamin D in relation to vitamin D status and risk of mortality. According to NHANES, 79% of US adults do not meet their Recommended Dietary Allowance of magnesium.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that magnesium supplementation differentially affects vitamin D metabolism dependent on baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration.
Methods
The study included 180 participants aged 40–85 y and is a National Cancer Institute independently funded ancillary study, nested within the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT), which enrolled 250 participants. The PPCCT is a double-blind 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial conducted in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Doses for both magnesium and placebo were customized based on baseline dietary intakes. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatments using a permuted-block randomization algorithm. Changes in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Results
The relations between magnesium treatment and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D3 were significantly different dependent on the baseline concentrations of 25(OH)D, and significant interactions persisted after Bonferroni corrections. Magnesium supplementation increased the 25(OH)D3 concentration when baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were close to 30 ng/mL, but decreased it when baseline 25(OH)D was higher (from ∼30 to 50 ng/mL). Magnesium treatment significantly affected 24,25(OH)2D3 concentration when baseline 25(OH)D concentration was 50 ng/mL but not 30 ng/mL. On the other hand, magnesium treatment increased 25(OH)D2 as baseline 25(OH)D increased.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that optimal magnesium status may be important for optimizing 25(OH)D status.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03265483
Some of the limitations of this study - from editorial in the same issue
- "As acknowledged by the authors, there were only 2 participants with baseline 25(OH)D <12 ng/mL, making it powerless to determine any magnesium–vitamin D interaction among those with such low concentrations at baseline."
- "Similarly, findings of 25(OH)D2 had wide 95% CIs among those whose baseline 25(OH)D was >50 ng/mL"
- Too much variance in the results to be believable
- "...only 180 (68% of enrolled participants) were included in the current analysis"
- "Finally, trial participants had previously been diagnosed with colorectal adenomas or hyperplastic polyps (and 14 participants were polyp-free individuals with a high risk of colorectal cancer), thus they were clearly not representative of the general population"