The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration and risk of disease death in men: modification by magnesium intake
European Journal of Epidemiology, April 2015, Volume 30, Issue 4, pp 343-347
Jaakko Mursu jaakko.mursu at uef.fi, Tarja Nurmi, Sari Voutilainen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jyrki K. Virtanen, doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0006-9.
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Vitamin D levels were measured, Magnesium levels were not measured
- Magnesium determined by 4-day food recording - and up to 19 year delay until death
thus ignoring Magnesium supplementation and Magnesium in cells
Increased chance of death
1.3 X if low vitamin D (ignoring Magnesium)
1.6 X if low vitamin D AND low Magnesium
1.1 X if low vitamin D AND High Magnesium
Note: Most people have both low Vitamin D and low Magnesium
See also Vitamin D Life
1.9 X more likely to die if very low vitamin D – June 2014
Dr. Grant on vitamin D and mortality in Vitamin D Life
Low vitamin D status increases the risk of death. Magnesium plays an essential role in vitamin D metabolism and low magnesium intake may predispose to vitamin D deficiency and potentiate the health problems. We investigated whether magnesium intake modifies the serum 25(OH)D3 concentration and its associations with mortality in middle-aged and older men. We included 1892 men aged 42–60 years without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline in 1984–1989 from the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Serum 25(OH)D3 was measured with the high-performance liquid chromatography using coulometric electrode array detection. Magnesium intake was assessed with 4-day food recording. Deaths were ascertained by a computer linkage to the national cause of death register. Deaths due accidents and suicides were excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death in the lowest (<32.1 nmol/L) versus the highest (>49.4 nmol/L) serum 25(OH)D3 tertile was 1.31 (95 % CI 1.07–1.60, Ptrend = 0.01). Stratified by the magnesium intake, the higher risk was observed only in the lower magnesium intake median (<414 mg/day); HR = 1.60 (95 % CI 1.19–2.13, Ptrend = 0.002) in the lowest versus the highest 25(OH)D3 tertile, whereas the corresponding HR = 1.07, 95 % CI 0.75–1.36, Ptrend = 0.63) in the higher magnesium intake median, P for interaction = 0.08. In this cohort of middle-aged and older men low serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was associated with increased risk of death mainly in those with lower magnesium intake.
Publisher wants $40 for the PDF
References
- Chowdhury, R, Kunutsor, S, Vitezova, A, Oliver-Williams, C, Chowdhury, S, Kiefte-de-Jong, JC (2014) Vitamin D and risk of cause specific death: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort and randomised intervention studies. BMJ 348: pp. g1903 CrossRef
- Hilger J, Friedel A, Herr R, Rausch T, Roos F, Wahl DA, et al. A systematic review of vitamin D status in populations worldwide. Br J Nutr. 2013;111:23–45.
- Shea, MK, Benjamin, EJ, Dupuis, J, Massaro, JM, Jacques, PF, D’Agostino, RBS (2009) Genetic and non-genetic correlates of vitamins K and D. Eur J Clin Nutr 63: pp. 458-464 CrossRef
- Rude, RK, Adams, JS, Ryzen, E, Endres, DB, Niimi, H, Horst, RL (1985) Low serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human magnesium deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61: pp. 933-940 CrossRef
- Risco, F, Traba, ML (1992) Influence of magnesium on the in vitro synthesis of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Magnes Res 5: pp. 5-14
- Deng X, Song Y, Manson JE, Signorello LB, Zhang SM, Shrubsole MJ, et al. Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III. BMC Med. 2013;11:187-7015-11-187.
- Salonen, JT, Nyyssonen, K, Korpela, H, Tuomilehto, J, Seppanen, R, Salonen, R (1992) High stored iron levels are associated with excess risk of myocardial infarction in eastern Finnish men. Circulation 86: pp. 803-811 CrossRef
- Lakka, TA, Venäläinen, JM, Rauramaa, R, Salonen, R, Tuomilehto, J, Salonen, JT (1994) Relation of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to the risk of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 330: pp. 1549-1554 CrossRef
- Nurmi, T, Tuomainen, TP, Virtanen, J, Mursu, J, Voutilainen, S (2013) High-performance liquid chromatography and coulometric electrode array detector in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) analyses. Anal Biochem 435: pp. 1-9 CrossRef
- Reddy, V, Sivakumar, B (1974) Magnesium-dependent vitamin-D-resistant rickets. Lancet 1: pp. 963-965 CrossRef