Vitamin D is needed before, during and after Pregnancy – May 2022

Vitamin D: Before, during and after Pregnancy: Effect on Neonates and Children

Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1900; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091900
by José Luis Mansur 1,*ORCID,Beatriz Oliveri 2,Evangelina Giacoia 3ORCID, David Fusaro 4 and Pablo René Costanzo 5,*ORCID

PDF Table of contents

A worldwide high prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency has become of growing concern because of potential adverse effects on human health, including pregnant women and their offsprings. Beyond its classical function as a regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, together with its fundamental role in bone health in every stage of life, its deficiency has been associated to multiple adverse health effects. The classic effects of VD deficiency in pregnancy and neonates have been late hypocalcemia and nutritional rickets. Nevertheless, recent studies have linked VD to fertility and 25(OH)D with several clinical conditions in pregnancy: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, higher incidence of cesarean section and preterm birth, while in infants, the clinical conditions are low birth weight, lower bone mass and possible relationship with the development of such diseases as bronchiolitis, asthma, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and autism included as VD non-classical actions. The supplementation with Vitamin D and achievement of optimal levels reduce maternal-fetal and newborn complications. Supplementation in children with VD deficiency reduces the risk of respiratory infections and possibly autoimmune diseases and autism. This review emphasizes the roles of Vitamin D deficiency and the consequences of intervention from preconception to infancy.
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• 96. Kip, S.N.; Strehler, E.E. Vitamin D3 upregulates plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase expression and potentiates apico-basal Ca2+ flux in MDCK cells. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 2004,286, F363-F369. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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• 119. Curtis, E.M.; Murray, R.; Titcombe, P.; Curtis, E.M.; Murray, R.; Titcombe, P.; Cook, E.; Clarke-Harris, R.; Costello, P.; Garratt, E.; et al. Perinatal DNA methylation at CDKN2A is associated with offspring bone mass: Findings from the Southampton women's survey. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2017, 32, 2030-2040. [CrossRef]
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• 121. Curtis, E.M.; Krstic, N.; Cook, E.; D'Angelo, S.; Crozier, S.R.; Moon, R.J.; Murray, R.; Garratt, E.; Costello, P.; Cleal, J.; et al. Gestational Vitamin D supplementation leads to reduced perinatal RXRA DNA methylation: Results from the MAVIDOS trial. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2019, 34,231-240. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• 122. Zhou, Y.; Zhao, L.J.; Xu, X.; Ye, A.; Travers-Gustafson, D.; Zhou, B.; Wang, H.W.; Zhang, W.; Hamm, L.L.; Deng, H.W.; et al. DNA methylation levels of CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 predict Vitamin D response variation. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2014,144, 207-214. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• 123. Suderman, M.; Stene, L.C.; Bohlin, J.; Page, C.M.; Holvik, K.; Parr, C.L.; Magnus, M.C.; Haberg, S.E.; Joubert, B.R.; Wu, M.C.; et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in pregnancy and genome wide cord blood DNA methylation in two pregnancy cohorts (MoBa and ALSPAC). J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2016,159,102-109. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• 124. Benjamin Neelon, S.E.; White, A.J.; Vidal, A.C.; Schildkraut, J.M.; Murtha, A.P.; Murphy, S.K.; Kullman, S.W.; Hoyo, C. Maternal Vitamin D, DNA methylation at imprint regulatory regions and offspring weight at birth, 1 year and 3 years. Int. J. Obes. 2018, 42, 587-593. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• 125. Hansdottir, S.; Monick, M.M.; Hinde, S.L.; Lovan, N.; Look, D.C.; Hunninghake, G.W. Respiratory epithelial cells convert inactive Vitamin D to its active form: Potential effects on host defense. J. Immunol. 2008,181, 7090-7099. [CrossRef]
• 126. Belderbos, M.E.; Houben, M.L.; Wilbrink, B.; Lentjes, E.; Bloemen, E.M.; Kimpen, J.L.L.; Rovers, M.; Bont, L. Cord blood Vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2011,127,1513-1520. [CrossRef]
• 127. Mohamed, W.A.; Al-Shehri, M.A. Cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood. J. Trop. Pediatr. 2013, 59, 29-35. [CrossRef]
• 128. Luczynska, A.; Logan, C.; Nieters, A.; Elgizouli, M.; Schottker, B.; Brenner, H.; Rothenbacher, D. Cord blood 25(OH)D levels and the subsequent risk of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood: The Ulm birth cohort. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2014, 29, 585-594. [CrossRef]
• 129. Moreno-Solís, G.; Fernández-Gutiérrez, F.; Torres-Borrego, J.; Torcello-Gáspar, R.; Gómez-Chaparro Moreno, J.L.; Pérez-Navero, J.L. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bronchiolitis severity in Spanish infants. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2015, 174, 365-372. [CrossRef]
• 130. Golan-Tripto, I.; Loewenthal, N.; Asher, T.; Dizitzer, Y.; Baumfeld, Y.; Goldbart, A. Vitamin D deficiency in children with acute bronchiolitis: A prospective cross-sectional case- control study. BMC. Pediatr. 2021, 21, 211. [CrossRef]
• 131. Alakas, Y.; Celiloglu, C.; Tolunay, O.; Matyar, S. The Relationship between Bronchiolitis Severity and Vitamin D Status. J. Trop. Pediatr. 2021, 67, fmab081. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• 132. Phuong, V.; Koppel, C.; Espinola, J.A.; Mansbach, J.M.; Celedón, J.C.; Hasegawa, K.; Bair-Merritt, M.; Camargo, C.A., Jr. Vitamin D Status at the Time of Hospitalization for Bronchiolitis and Its Association with Disease Severity. J. Pediatr. 2018, 203, 416-422.
• 133. Khaled, S.; Nafisa, H.R.; El-Houfey, A.A.; El-Asheer, O.; Mohamed, S.A.A.; Ahmed, E.A.; Abdel Baseer, K.A.; Darwish, M.M. Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation in Infants with Bronchiolitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. Pulmonol. 2015, 28,102-106.
• 134. Camargo, C.A., Jr.; Rifas-Shiman, S.L.; Litonjua, A.A.; Rich-Edwuards, J.W.; Weiss, S.T.; Gold, D.R.; Kleinman, K.; Gillman, M.W. Maternal intake of Vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of recurrent wheeze in children at 3 years of age. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007, 85, 788-795. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• 135. Wolsk, H.M.; Harshfield, B.J.; Laranjo, N.; Carey, V.J.; O'Connor, G.; Sandel, M.; Strunk, R.C.; Bacharier, L.B.; Zeiger, R.S.; Schatz, M.; et al. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy, prenatal 25(OH)D levels, race, and subsequent asthma or recurrent wheeze in offspring: Secondary analyses from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2017,140, 1423-1429. [CrossRef]
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• 137. Grant, C.; Crane, J.; Mitchell, E.A.; Sinclair, J.; Stewart, A.; Milne, T.; Knight, J.; Gilchrist, C.; Camargo, C.A., Jr. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy reduces aeroallergen sensitization: A randomized controlled trial. Allergy 2016, 71,1325-1334. [CrossRef]
• 138. Jacobsen, R.; Hypponen, E.; Sorensen, T.I.; Waag, A.A.; Heltmann, B.L. Gestational and Early Infancy Exposure to Margarine Fortified with Vitamin D through a National Danish Programme and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The D-Tect Study. PLoS ONE 2015,10, e0128631. [CrossRef]
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Vitamin D Life - Pregnancy category contains

 - see also

• Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D
• Number of articles in both categories of Pregnancy and:Dark Skin 28;   Depression 21;   Diabetes 44;   Obesity 15;  Hypertension 44;   Breathing 35;  Omega-3 40;  Vitamin D Receptor 24 Click here for details
• All items in category Infant/Child 825 items
• Pregnancy needs at least 40 ng of vitamin D, achieved by at least 4,000 IU – Hollis Aug 2017
• 38+ papers with Breastfed etc, in the title
• Call to action – more Vitamin D for pregnancies, loading doses are OK – Holick Aug 2019
• 53+ preeclampsia studies
• 94+ studies with PRETERM in the title
• Fertility problem (PCOS) reduced by vitamin D: many studies 15+
• 94+ Gestational Diabetes
• Caesarean birth much more likely if low Vitamin D - many studies 15+ studies
• Post-partum depression and low Vitamin D - many studies 15+ studies
• Stillbirth reduced by Vitamin D, Zinc, Omega-3 - several studies 5+ studies
• Search Vitamin D Life for "Assisted reproduction" 33 items as of Aug 2022
• Fertility and Sperm category listing has 136 items along with related searches
• (Stunting OR “low birth weight” OR LBW) 1180 items as of June 2020
• Less labor pain if higher level of vitamin D – August 2021
• Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D
• Ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby - take Vitamin D before conception
  

Vitamin D Life - Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D contains

RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial

"Vitamin D before, during, and after pregnancy" was the original name of Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D

How much Vitamin D for optimal health

• Is 50 ng of vitamin D too high, just right, or not enough 50 ng?
• Vitamin D is needed for human fertility – goal is 50 ng – Sept 2018 >50 ng
• Vitamin D sufficiency 10 to 30 ng, optimal 40 to 80 ng (no consensus)– May 2018 >40 ng
• Pregnancy needs at least 40 ng of vitamin D, achieved by at least 4,000 IU – Hollis Aug 2017 >40 ng
• Pregnant women need at least 40 ng of Vitamin D (Wagner, genes) – Oct 2017 >40 ng
• More than 30 ng of vitamin D is needed for many diseases - Feb 2022 >30 ng
• Pregnancies need a lot of vitamin D, even before conception - Hollis Dec 2018
• Need at least 6,000 IU of Vitamin D daily during pregnancy and breastfeeding (Wagner) – meta-analysis March 2022
• Pregnancies need a lot of vitamin D, even before conception - Hollis Dec 2018

Note: The study on this page say >30 ng is needed

Vitamin D Life - Optimal Vitamin D studies in Pregnancy category

This list is automatically updated