Vitamin D and subsequent all-age and premature mortality: a systematic review.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Jul 24;13(1):679.
Rush L, McCartney G, Walsh D, Mackay D.
BACKGROUND: All-cause mortality in the population < 65 years is 30% higher in Glasgow than in equally deprived Liverpool and Manchester. We investigated a hypothesis that low vitamin D in this population may be associated with premature mortality via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources were searched until February 2012 for relevant studies.
Summary statistics were combined in an age-stratified meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 24,297 participants, 5,324 of whom died during follow-up. The pooled hazard ratio for low compared to high vitamin D demonstrated a significant inverse association (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12-1.27) between vitamin D levels and all-cause mortality after adjustment for available confounders. In an age-stratified meta-analysis, the hazard ratio for older participants was 1.25 (95% CI 1.14-1.36) and for younger participants 1.12 (95% CI 1.01-1.24).
CONCLUSIONS: Low vitamin D status is inversely associated with all-cause mortality but the risk is higher amongst older individuals and the relationship is prone to residual confounding. Further studies investigating the association between vitamin D deficiency and all-cause mortality in younger adults with adjustment for all important confounders (or using randomised trials of supplementation) are required to clarify this relationship.
PMID: 23883271
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See also Vitamin D Life
- Chance of dying within 1 month of entering hospital is 45 percent higher if low vitamin D – July 2013
- Low vitamin D associated with respiratory, digestive, and other deaths – Dec 2012
- Death rate reduced 8 percent for 8 nanogram more vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2012
- Low vitamin D increased death rate 2X in Finland – Aug 2011
- 40 ng Vitamin D perhaps optimal for reduced mortality – Meta-analysis Jan 2012
- People die sooner if they have low vitamin D – Nov 2014
- Death rate 2X higher at age 60 if low vitamin D - 180,000 in Israel May 2012 which has the following chart
See also web
- People with Higher Vitamin D Levels Live Longer Press Release by Vitamin D Society on the study