Electrochemical immunosensor based on magnetite nanoparticles incorporated electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for Vitamin-D3 detection
Materials Science and Eng: C, Vol 93, 1 Dec 2018, Pages 145-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.036
Perhaps this could provide instant vitamin D testing by a machine
- Low-cost Vitamin D testers (about 13 dollars in quantity) – Feb 2018
- Who needs a vitamin D test -Those with symptoms or those in high risk groups - March 2018
- Low cost vitamin D Blood Tests
Tests for Vitamin D contains the following overview/opinion
- Fact: Many countries no longer pay for more than 1 (some not pay for even a single Vit D test)
They feel that Vit D testing is not needed except for a few conditions (Rickets, etc) Japan is an exception - Fact: Vit D tests are not very accurate
The best lab tests have accuracies and repeatabilities of +-5 ng
Many lab tests have accuracies and repeatabilities of +- 10 ng - or worse
Vitamin D deficiency of a group - 15% to 48% - Fact: Low-cost office/home Vit D tests are available around the world (not US as of 2018)
Low-cost 35 ng Y/N test by Nanospeed
Low-cost Vitamin D testers (about 13 dollars in quantity) – Feb 2018 Nanospeed
Quick, free, self test for deficiency - Fact: 3 major Vit D gene problems are not noticed by Vit D tests
~ 20% of people have poor Vit D genes
Hint that Vit D not getting to cells: Vit D related diseases run in your family
Another hint - you have one of the 40 diseases which are 2X more likely if have poor genes - Fact: A Vit D test will rarely (<1 in 1000) indicate that you are getting too much
- Opinion: If only getting a single test, wait till after supplementing with Vit D
3 months after starting a maintenance dose or 4 weeks after a loading dose
PDF is available free at Sci-Hub 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.036
In the present study, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) incorporated polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PANnFs) having diameter of 350–500 nm, were electrospun and directly collected onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. X-ray diffraction pattern of Fe3O4-PANnFs confirmed the existence of Fe3O4 NPs within the PANnFs. Nafion was used to make Fe3O4-PANnFs more adhesive to the ITO surface. Partial hydrolyzation of Fe3O4-PANnFs/ITO electrode was done using NaOH solution for the partial conversion of nitrile group (C≡N) into carboxyl and amine groups that was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. The hydrolyzed Fe3O4-PANnFs/ITO electrode was used as an immobilization matrix for monoclonal antibody specific to Vitamin-D3 (Anti-VD) via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-Hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a blocking agent to block the non-specific sites onto Anti-VD/Fe3O4-PANnFs/ITO electrode surface. Fabricated BSA/Anti-VD/Fe3O4-PANnFs/ITO immunoelectrode showed improved biosensing parameters for Vitamin-D3 detection such as sensitivity of 0.90 μA ng−1 mL cm−2, limit of detection of 0.12 ng mL−1and detection range of 10–100 ng mL−1. The association and dissociation constants were obtained as 74.62 ng mL−1, 4.6 ng mL−1, respectively.