Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results from NHANES 2001–2004
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 June; 28(6): 1179–1185.
Michal L. Melamed,1,* Paul Muntner,2,* Erin D. Michos,3 Jaime Uribarri,2 Collin Weber,4 Jyotirmay Sharma,4 and Paolo Raggi5
To determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the general United States population.
Methods and Results: We analyzed data from 4,839 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004 to evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and PAD (defined as an ankle-brachial index <0.9). Across quartiles of 25(OH)D, from lowest to highest, the prevalence of PAD was 8.1%, 5.4%, 4.9%, and 3.7% (p-trend<0.001). After multivariable adjustment for demographics, co-morbidities, physical activity level and laboratory measures, the prevalence ratio of PAD for the lowest, compared to the highest, 25(OH)D quartile (<17.8 and ≥29.2 ng/mL, respectively) was 1.80 (95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.74). For each 10 ng/mL lower 25(OH)D level, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratio of PAD was 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.15, 1.59).
Conclusions: Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with a higher prevalence of PAD.
Several mechanisms have been invoked in the literature to support a potential anti-atherosclerotic activity of vitamin D. Prospective cohort and mechanistic studies should be designed to confirm this association.
See also Vitamin D Life
- Low vitamin D may contribute to Peripheral Arterial Disease – June 2010
- Vitamin D and peripheral arterial disease – Nov 2011
- Vitamin D not associated with PAD after adjusting for race, diabetes and BMI – July 2012
- 24X less Calcification of Aorta for PAD with modest level of vitamin D – Aug 2011
- Peripheral Arterial Disease patients have low vitamin D levels – meta-analysis Oct 2015
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