Paleolithic nutrition revisited: A twelve-year retrospective on its nature and implications - 1997
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1997) 51,207-216 © 1997
SB Eaton,1,2 SB Eaton III4 and MJ Konner1,3
1 Department of Anthropology, Emory University; 2Department of Radiology, 3 Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine; and 4Department of Education, Marshall University
Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life
The Paleolithic Nutrition Model in Relation to Ultraviolet Light and Vitamin D - Chapter 2020
Chapter in Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1268, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_21
Reinhold Vieth Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada e-mail: reinhold.vieth at utoronto.ca
The biology of every species has been optimized for life in the environment in which that species evolved. Humans originated in the tropics, and while some natural selection took place in response to behaviors and environments that decreased exposure to ultraviolet light, there has never been a species-wide biological accommodation. Paleolithic nutrition advocates argue that risk of disease is higher because modem diets differ from what was consumed by early humans. Early humans were the naked ape living in the tropics, exposed to high levels of ultraviolet light and vitamin D nutrition (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D) averaging 115 nmol/L, as compared to today’s population averages that are well below 70 nmol/L. Natural selection from an available gene pool cannot compensate fully to an environmental change away from the one within which the species originally evolved. Vitamin D nutrition remains a contentious area. The epidemiological evidence consistently relates lower 25 (OH)D to higher disease risk. However, evidence from double-blind clinical trials looking at preventing new disease in healthy volunteers has been disappointing. But such negative trials have been the case for all nutrients except for folic acid which lowers risk of spina bifida. The Paleolithic nutrition model is based on fundamental biological concepts, but it has overlooked the environmental effects of ultraviolet light and vitamin D nutrition. This paper presents evolutionary and Paleolithic aspects of ultraviolet light and vitamin D with the aim to support pertinent research and, ultimately, public policy regarding nutrition and light exposure.
Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life
Vitamin D Life and Zinc
Zinc and Virus:
- COVID was associated with low Vitamin D or Zinc – umbrella review Feb 2023
- 23 COVID mitigation strategies: at least 6 of which increase Vitamin D in cells - Sept 2022
- COVID and Zinc - many studies
- Surviving COVID with vitamins and minerals is not a myth – June 2022
- Vitamin D, Zinc, Magnesium etc. are needed to fight COVID – April 2022
- How vitamins D, C, Zinc, and Selenium might fight COVID - Dec 2021
- Nutritional supplementation during COVID hospitalization helped - RCT - Jan 2022
- COVID-19 decreased risk if add Vitamin D, A, C, NAC, Se, Zn, or Omega-3 – Dec 2021
- COVID-19 patients had low levels of Zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C – Sept 2021
- COVID-19 risk reduced 4X by each of: Vitamin D, Omega-3, Curcumin, Zinc (each increases D in cells)
- Vitamin D, C, A, and E, as well as Iron, Se, and Zinc each augment vaccine response – July 2021
- How Vitamin D, Magnesium, Omega-3 and Zinc prevent and treat COVID-19 and many other health problems – June 2021
- COVID-19 treatment outside of hospital – Vitamin D, zinc, etc. – May 2021
- Important Role of Micronutrients during COVID-19 (Zinc, Vitamin D, C, Folate) – May 5, 2021
- Many supplements appear to fight COVID-19 – vitamin D cited 52 times – May 2021
- Zinc therapy for COVID-19 – Feb 2021
- COVID-19 alternative treatments - real-time database
- Overview of reviews of COVID-19 and vitamin D, etc. – April 2021
- COVID-19 what it is, prevention by Functional Nutrition doctor - Feb 2021
- Vitamin D, Zinc, etc. look promising for COVID-19 (Holick) - Jan 25, 2021
- Less than 10 dollars of Vitamin D per COVID-19 life saved in Myanmar - Jan 2021
- Micronutrients for COVID-19: Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, Zinc, Se, etc. - Dec 2020
- Zinc (which increases vitamin D in tissues) may both prevent and treat COVID-19
- COVID-19 possible therapies: Vitamin D, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin C, Potassium, Resveratrol , etc.– Aug 5, 2020
- 7 reasons to think that Zinc should fight COVID-19 – July 2020
- Observations that Vitamin D, Zinc, and Selenium separately reduce COVID-19 – Aug 7, 2020
- Mild COVID-19 quickly treated by Zinc lozenges in 4 people – June 6, 2020
- Zinc, respiratory tract infections and COVID-19 – July 2020
- Fight COVID-19 with Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, Selenium, Resveratrol, etc. - Sardi May 12, 2020
- Common cold prevented and treated by Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea – review April 2018
- Loss of smell may be related to low Zinc or perhaps low vitamin D
- Dengue fever immune response and micronutrients (vitamins D, E, A, and Zinc, Iron, Chromium) – Nov 2015
- Overview Colds and flu and Vitamin D
Vitamin D Life and Iron
Iron and Virus:
- Inflammation causes low iron, which triggers long-COVID – March 2024
- Vitamin D, Zinc, Magnesium etc. are needed to fight COVID – April 2022
- Vitamin D, C, A, and E, as well as Iron, Se, and Zinc each augment vaccine response – July 2021
- Dengue fever immune response and micronutrients (vitamins D, E, A, and Zinc, Iron, Chromium) – Nov 2015
Vitamin D Life and Vitamin C
Vitamin C and Virus:
- COVID appears to be treated by many antioxidants (Vitamins D, C, E, K, and Quercetin, Curcumin, etc) – Jan 2023
- COVID fought by the antioxidants: Vitamin D, Zinc, Vitamin C, and Selenium – Review Sept 2022
- COVID worse if lower Vitamin C, but not Vitamin D in this study – Aug 2022
- Surviving COVID with vitamins and minerals is not a myth – June 2022
- COVID treatment patent applied for - using Rutin, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Magnesium, etc. – April 2022
- How vitamins A, B, C, D, E, F (Omega), K fight COVID - Feb 2022
- How vitamins D, C, Zinc, and Selenium might fight COVID - Dec 2021
- Vitamin C helps COVID-19 (IV and oral) – review of 12 studies Oct 2021
- COVID-19 decreased risk if add Vitamin D, A, C, NAC, Se, Zn, or Omega-3 – Dec 2021
- COVID-19 patients had low levels of Zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C – Sept 2021
- Vitamin D, C, A, and E, as well as Iron, Se, and Zinc each augment vaccine response – July 2021
- COVID-19 treatment outside of hospital – Vitamin D, zinc, etc. – May 2021
- Important Role of Micronutrients during COVID-19 (Zinc, Vitamin D, C, Folate) – May 5, 2021
- Many supplements appear to fight COVID-19 – vitamin D cited 52 times – May 2021
- Overview of reviews of COVID-19 and vitamin D, etc. – April 2021
- Less than 10 dollars of Vitamin D per COVID-19 life saved in Myanmar - Jan 2021
- Micronutrients for COVID-19: Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, Zinc, Se, etc. - Dec 2020
- Vitamin C may treat COVID-19 (several studies)
- For COVID-19: Vitamin C use might cause kidney stones, but Vitamin D will not– Aug 8, 2020
- COVID-19 possible therapies: Vitamin D, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin C, Potassium, Resveratrol , etc.– Aug 5, 2020
- Vitamin C IV, which treats Sepsis, also treats COVID-19 - May 2020
- Does vitamin D (and C) help with Covid-19 - May 2020
- Fight COVID-19 with Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, Selenium, Resveratrol, etc. - Sardi May 12, 2020
- COVID-19 prompts awareness of deficiencies of Vitamin D, C and Magnesium - April 6 2020
- Common cold prevented and treated by Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea – review April 2018
| 2431 visitors, last modified 27 Sep, 2021, |
| ID | Name | Uploaded | Size | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16303 | Paleo D3.jpg | admin 27 Sep, 2021 | 30.04 Kb | 369 | |
| 16302 | paleo Vitamin D_compressed.pdf | admin 27 Sep, 2021 | 2.43 Mb | 237 | |
| 16301 | Paleo T3.jpg | admin 27 Sep, 2021 | 39.52 Kb | 275 | |
| 16300 | Paleolithic.jpg | admin 27 Sep, 2021 | 20.79 Kb | 279 | |
| 16299 | Paleothic nutrtion.pdf | admin 27 Sep, 2021 | 231.83 Kb | 309 |