25(OH)D3 and cardiovascular risk factors in female nonhuman primates.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012 Sep;21(9):959-65. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3416. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
Jorgensen MJ, Rudel LL, Nudy M, Kaplan JR, Clarkson TB, Pajewski NM, Schnatz PF schnatzp at readinghospital.org.
Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine if interindividual differences in plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) OH)D(3 have pathophysiologic significance, we evaluated a cohort of female monkeys, seeking to identify associations with clinically relevant cardiovascular risk factors, including age, abdominal obesity (waist circumference), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
METHODS:
One hundred fifty-five female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) aged 3-25 years consumed a typical western diet for 7-8 weeks that provided a woman's equivalent of approximately 1000?IU/day of vitamin D(3). Measurements of vitamin D(3) and HDL-C concentrations, as well as waist circumference, were obtained.
RESULTS:
Among young monkeys (aged 3-5 years), compared to older monkeys (aged 16-25 years), the mean plasma 25(OH)D(3) concentrations were 82.3±3.2?ng/mL and 58.6±2.9?ng/mL (p<0.0001), respectively. Plasma 25(OH)D(3) concentrations had a range of 19.6-142.0?ng/mL (mean±standard error [SE] 66.4±1.7?ng/mL). 25(OH)D(3) concentrations were inversely associated with age (p<0.0001) and waist circumference (p=0.016) and were positively correlated with HDL-C (p=0.01). However, when statistically controlling for age, none of these relationships remained significant.
Conclusions:
Higher plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D(3) were associated with more favorable cardiovascular risk factors, with inverse associations observed between 25(OH)D(3) and abdominal obesity, HDL-C, and age. These associations were no longer significant when controlling for age.
PMID: 22876774
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Comment by Vitamin D Life
Seems unlikely that the monkeys got this high a level of vitamin D from their food alone.
Suspect that the monkeys had access to direct sunshine or UVB lamps.