Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Season-Specific Correlates in Japanese Adults.
J Epidemiol. 2011 Jul 9.
Nanri A, Foo LH, Nakamura K, Hori A, Poudel-Tandukar K, Matsushita Y, Mizoue T.
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, International Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.
Background: Several lines of evidence indicate an important role for vitamin D in the prevention of a range of diseases. Blood vitamin D levels show clear seasonal variation; however, data on the determinants of vitamin D status for each season are limited. We investigated the association between lifestyle and serum vitamin D concentration by season in Japanese workers.
Methods: Subjects were 312 men and 217 women aged 21 to 67 years who worked in municipal offices in Northern Kyushu, Japan and participated in a periodic checkup in July or November. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxivitamin D concentrations and lifestyle factors for each season.Results: Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 27.4 ng/ml (68.4 nmol/L) and 21.4 ng/ml (53.4 nmol/L) for workers surveyed in July and November, respectively (P < 0.001); the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was 9.3% and 46.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). In November, dietary vitamin D intake (in both sexes) and nonsmoking and physical activity (in men) were significantly associated with higher concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In summer, fish/shellfish intake was associated with higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in women.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Japanese workers during seasons with limited sunlight. The lifestyle correlates of favorable vitamin D status in November were physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake, and nonsmoking.
Chart from PDF which is attached at the bottom of this page
MEN WOMEN
PMID: 21747209
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Note1:
- Vitamin D levels would have been much lower if they had been measured in early Spring, as is standard.
- Most groups recommend a 30 ng/ml level, not 20 ng/ml level of vitamin D
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The health benefits of vitamin D do not start until 30 ng/ml. 20 ng/ml is only enough to prevent Rickets