Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hypovitaminosis D in Young Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study

Pappa, Helen M; Langereis, Eveline J; Grand, Richard J; Gordon, Catherine M
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition: ACCEPTANCE, 21 May 2011, doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182250b3e
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Background and Aims: Vitamin D plays an important role in bone homeostasis. Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are known to have several risk factors for hypovitaminosis D. We aimed to report the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in this population and risk factors associated with low serum twenty five hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) concentration in children with IBD.

Methods: Serum 25OHD concentration of 448 patients with IBD 8 to 22 yrs measured between January 2006 and January 2009 at our Center was recorded via retrospective chart review. Data collected included diagnosis (ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn disease (CD) and indeterminate colitis (IC)), demographics, serum albumin concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, vitamin D intake, season of measurement and height, and weight. Factors related to serum 25OHD concentration were identified with regression analysis.

Results: Serum 25OHD concentration <= 20 ng/mL (insufficiency) was identified in 64 patients (14.3%) and serum concentration <= 15 ng/mL (deficiency) in 26 (5.8%). Factors associated with lower serum 25OHD concentration were: winter and spring season, dark skin complexion, higher body mass index Z-score, lack of vitamin D supplementation and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent among children and youth, including patients with IBD. Risk factors for deficiency of this vitamin are similar to those in healthy children, with the addition of higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Both patients with UC and CD are at risk for hypovitaminosis D.
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