The Pregnancy Pickle: Evolved Immune Compensation Due to Pregnancy Underlies Sex Differences in Human Diseases
Trends in GeneticsVOLUME 35, ISSUE 7, P478-488, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2019.04.008
Heini Natri, Angela R. Garcia, Kenneth H. Buetow, Benjamin C. Trumble, Melissa A. Wilson
- Autoimmune disorders associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy – Nov 2019
- Multiple Sclerosis – 3X higher incidence in women, previously 1X, wonder why
- Study on this page would probably point out that women today have fewer pregnancies
- Vitamin D has treated Multiple Sclerosis and autoimmune diseases for 16 years – Coimbra April 2018
- Women resist infections better, but have more autoimmune diseases – Vitamin D- Dec 2016
Autoimmune category starts with
164 items in Autoimmune category - Vitamin D and MS Asthma RA Diabetes Gut Allergy Hay Fever Muscular Dystrophy Lupus Psoriasis
- Autoimmune disease clusters run in families having low D
- How Vitamin D reduces inflammation, improves immunity and fights autoimmunity – review Dec 2018
- 120 doctors and 20,000 MS patients using high dose Vitamin D Dec 2018
- Vitamin D has treated Multiple Sclerosis and autoimmune diseases for 16 years – Coimbra April 2018
- Vitamin D Receptor is associated in over 58 autoimmune studies
- Many autoimmune diseases associated with low vitamin D or poor Vit D genes – July 2019
Items in both categories Autoimmune and Pregnancy are listed here:
- Autoimmune disorders associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy – Nov 2019
- Childhood allergies (Atopy) 4.8 X more likely if low vitamin D in early pregnancy – Aug 2019
- Autoimmune Addison's Disease – increased risk if born in Dec or Jan – Nov 2016
- Increased cows milk allergy if Folic acid or Folate added to vitamin D during pregnancy – June 2016
- All pregnant women (in UK) should have free vitamin D – Gillie Aug 2015
- Vitamin D protects against many types of health problems – review May 2013
- High level of maternal vitamin D and infant food allergy – controversy
- Is Vitamin D Supplementation Responsible for the Allergy Pandemic – May 2012
- 2X more allergies if 11th womb week was in Spring – Vitamin D or pollen Oct 2010
Items in both categories Autoimmune and Women are listed here:
- Autoimmune disorders associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy – Nov 2019
- Hypothesis: Placentas cause more autoimmune diseases in females – July 2019
- Multiple Sclerosis – 3X higher incidence in women, previously 1X, wonder why
- Autoimmune diseases occur more often in women than men
- Endometriosis treated, and perhaps prevented, by vitamin D
Nice report on the study at the Atlantic.com
A New Theory for the Staggering Sex Difference in Autoimmune Disease
- In the United States alone, women represent 80 percent of all cases of autoimmune disease.
- Women are 16 times more likely than men to get Sjogren’s syndrome
- Nine times more likely to have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via Vitamin D Life
Many oscillations for women having many babies
First rows of table 1
Now BeforeHighlights
There are major sex differences in human disease that cannot be explained by reproductive hormones or environmental exposures alone.
Genes on the sex chromosomes exhibit differences in expression that are independent of reproductive hormones, and could contribute to sex differences in disease.
We propose that the ancestral immune system was strongly shaped by the requirement to compensate for unique immune regulation during pregnancy.
Dimorphism in immune function in response to placentation and pregnancy occurs via direct impact of reproductive hormones on immune function, as well as through heritable variation in sex chromosome dosage.
Although evolution has shaped sex differences in immune function over millions of years, industrialized urban populations experience both exacerbated sex differences in hormonal composition as well as reduced pregnancies compared with nonindustrialized populations.
We hypothesize that, ancestrally, sex-specific immune modulation evolved to facilitate survival of the pregnant person in the presence of an invasive placenta and an immunologically challenging pregnancy – an idea we term the 'pregnancy compensation hypothesis' (PCH). Further, we propose that sex differences in immune function are mediated, at least in part, by the evolution of gene content and dosage on the sex chromosomes, and are regulated by reproductive hormones. Finally, we propose that changes in reproductive ecology in industrialized environments exacerbate these evolved sex differences, resulting in the increasing risk of autoimmune disease observed in females, and a counteracting reduction in diseases such as cancer that can be combated by heightened immune surveillance. The PCH generates a series of expectations that can be tested empirically and that may help to identify the mechanisms underlying sex differences in modern human diseases.Hypothesis: Placentas cause more autoimmune diseases in females – July 2019(Cached) Printer Friendly PDF this page! Follow this page for updates929 visitors, last modified 12 Dec, 2019, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Autoimmune164 Women 139 Attached files
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