The deficiency and the supplementation of vitamin D and liver: lessons of chronic fructose-rich diet in mice.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Jun 5:105399. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105399.
- Death by Sugar
- Lots of sugar while pregnant doubles asthma risk – 2017
- Fewer mice became prediabetic when given Vitamin D, even when on high fat, high sugar diet – March 2017
- Mice designed to get diabetes often failed to get diabetes if they had lots of vitamin D during their lives – Feb 2014
- More colas (fructose, caffeine, phosphoric acid), lower vitamin D – July 2014
- Fructose reduces blood levels of active vitamin D
- Too much fructose reduced both serum and active vitamin D in rats – April 2013
- Fructose altered hundreds of brain genes (in rats) unless also take Omega-3 – April 2016
- Sugary drinks associated with 5X worse Multiple Sclerosis (reduces vitamin D levels)– March 2019
Maia-Ceciliano TC1, Dutra RR2, Aguila MB3, Mandarim-De-Lacerda CA4.
- 1 Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: tceciliano at gmail.com.
- 2 Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: rafaela.dutra at gmail.com.
- 3 Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: mbaguila at uerj.br.
- 4 Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: mandarim at uerj.br.
The fructose added to soft drinks and processed food, as well as frequent detection of vitamin D deficiency in the body, are two insults increasingly considered to cause lesions in target organs. We studied the liver after a chronic high-fructose diet deficient and supplemented with vitamin D. Sixty C57BL/6 mature male mice were allocated into six groups (n = 10) for ten weeks: control (C), control deficient in vitamin D (CDD), control supplemented with vitamin D (CDS), fructose (F), fructose deficient in vitamin D (FDD), and fructose supplemented with vitamin D (FDS). The gene expressions of vitamin D receptor and CYP27B1 and 25 hydroxyvitamin D plasma level ensured that the diets caused vitamin D deficiency or supplementation. Body mass did not change, but blood pressure (BP) increased in CDD, F, and FDD, whereas BP was controlled in FDS. Insulinemia, insulin tolerance and resistance were seen in both vitamin D deficiency and fructose groups but improved with vitamin D supplementation. The steatosis and fibrosis were observed in the CDD, F and FDD groups. Also, F and FDD showed activation of stellate cells (HSC). Lipogenesis and inflammation gene expressions were enhanced in the CDD, F and FDD groups, but diminished with vitamin D supplementation. In conclusion, we demonstrated the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency on metabolism, liver steatosis and, combined with fructose intake, liver interstitial fibrosis with hepatic stellate cell activation, and alteration of the lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, and liver inflammation. All these data improved when vitamin D was supplemented in the animals.