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Higher vitamin D at birth associated with less diabetes and obesity 35 years later – Jan 2014

Season of birth, neonatal vitamin D status, and cardiovascular disease risk at 35 y of age: a cohort study from Sweden

Am J Clin Nutr March 2014 ajcn.072520
Per Tornhammar, Peter Ueda, Martin Hult, Henry Simila, Darryl Eyles, and Mikael Norman
From the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (PU); the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (PT, MH, and MN); and the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (HS and DE).
PT, PU, and MH contributed equally to this work.
Supported by the MD-PhD program at Karolinska Institutet (PU), Sällskapet Barnavård, the Swedish Order of Freemasons in Stockholm, and a regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet.
Address correspondence to P Ueda, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, T2, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: peter.ueda at gmail.com.

Background: Lower vitamin D status during gestation may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk later in life. No studies have assessed this hypothesis with a follow-up time reaching beyond childhood.

Objective: The objective was to assess the link between season of birth, neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] status, and adult cardiovascular disease risk.

Design: Markers of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk were measured in 284 subjects aged 35 y, born either at the end of the winter or at the end of the summer of 1975. In 275 of these 284 subjects, concentrations of neonatal 25(OH)D3 were measured in dried blood samples by using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy method.

Results: Subjects born after the winter had lower neonatal 25(OH)D3 concentrations than did those born after the summer (31.5 compared with 48.5 nmol/L; P < 0.001). In regression analyses adjusted for sex, season of birth, postnatal age at neonatal sample collection, preterm birth, maternal age, education, smoking, fish consumption per week, exercise per week, and current 25-hydroxyvitamin D, higher neonatal 25(OH)D3 (per 50 nmol/L) was associated with 25.8% (95% CI: 1.0%, 58.4%) higher fasting insulin in adult life, 29.6% (5.1%, 58.4%) higher triglycerides and with 4.64 (95% CI: 1.93, 7.36) mmol/L higher serum cholesterol in women.
Neonatal 25(OH)D3 (per 1 nmol/L) was directly associated with risk of

  • adult overweight (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05) and with
  • adult obesity in women (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17).

Neonatal 25(OH)D3 was not associated with adult aortic pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL, LDL, or C-reactive protein. Season of birth was not associated with any of the adult outcomes.

Conclusions: Higher neonatal 25(OH)D3 was associated with higher fasting insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol (in women) concentrations and with a higher risk of overweight at 35 y of age but not with other adult cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Having 50 nmol/L (20 ng) more vitamin D at birth associated with

  • 26% higher fasting insulin
  • 30% higher triglycerides
  • 5 nmol/L higher cholesterol in women

See also Vitamin D Life

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