Genome-wide polygenic scores for common diseases identify individuals with risk equivalent to monogenic mutations
Nature Genetics volume 50, pages 1219–1224 (2018)
Amit V. Khera, Mark Chaffin, Krishna G. Aragam, Mary E. Haas, Carolina Roselli, Seung Hoan Choi, Pradeep Natarajan, Eric S. Lander, Steven A. Lubitz, Patrick T. Ellinor & Sekar Kathiresan
Increase risk by 3X (from PDF)
| Disease | % of individuals |
| CAD | 8.0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 6.1 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 3.5 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 3.2 |
| Breast cancer | 1.5 |
| Any of the five diseases | 19.8 |
Download May 2018 slides of the study from Vitamin D Life
Genetics category listing hasCardiovascular category starts with the following
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
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- Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
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- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Peripheral Arterial Disease 3.7 X more likely in diabetics with low vitamin D – June 2019
- Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
Meta-analyses
- Heart Failure and Vitamin D meta-analyses - 2016, 2019
- Cardiovascular death 1.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – 22nd meta-analysis Nov 2019
- Vitamin D supplementation reduces many Cardiovascular Disease markers– meta-analysis July 2018
Omega-3 Helps
- Cardiovascular Prevention with Omega-3 (finally using high doses) – Sept 2019
- Higher Omega-3 index (4 to 8 percent) associated with 30 percent less risk of coronary disease (10 studies) July 2017
A poor Vitamin D Receptor can block Vitamin D in blood from getting to tissues
- Heart Failure 15X more likely if poor VDR, even if good level of vitamin D (China) – March 2019
- Coronary Artery Disease without diabetes 5 times more likely if VDR gene problems – meta-analysis May 2016
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- Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019
See also web
- Polygenic score Wikipedia
- Why Do Polygenic Risk Scores Get So Much Hype? Aug 2018 reporting on the study on this page
"... explains the significance of using a PRS like this, “Whilst it is true that the overall predictive power for any given disease is modest—for many people with ‘average risk,’ quantifying the exact degree of genetic risk is not likely to be particularly useful—recent thinking has switched to the value of the PRS approach to pick out individuals who have particularly high or low genetic risk.” He adds that, “as this paper shows, many of these individuals have lifetime risk of disease arising from the joint action of many variants of individually small effects, that approaches that of individuals from monogenic forms of disease. It demonstrates that the former group of high-risk individuals are likely to be much more numerous than the latter."
"However, some experts are not convinced that the paper's media coverage matched the importance of the results. Ali Torkamani, Ph.D., director of genomics and genome informatics at the Scripps Research Translational Institute, told GEN that the study published last week in Nature Genetics is “not particularly” a big leap forward in the field of polygenic risk prediction. He adds that the aforementioned paper was “not a methodological advance or even an unexpected result.” Dr. McCarthy agrees that the data were not surprising and that his own group has generated similar data for T2D in their analysis of the UKBB data."
"Dr. Florez explains that, in the field of cardiac disease, PRS may be a better risk assessment tool than cholesterol measurement. If the PRS can be obtained early enough, a person could avoid the damage caused by exposure to high LDL cholesterol long before it manifests itself in the blood. "
Has a link to a web application which uses 23andme data to assess risk based on both Polygenic Score and Lifestyle - see following image
Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life
A key public health need is to identify individuals at high risk for a given disease to enable enhanced screening or preventive therapies. Because most common diseases have a genetic component, one important approach is to stratify individuals based on inherited DNA variation 1. Proposed clinical applications have largely focused on finding carriers of rare monogenic mutations at several-fold increased risk. Although most disease risk is polygenic in nature 2,3,4,5, it has not yet been possible to use polygenic predictors to identify individuals at risk comparable to monogenic mutations. Here, we develop and validate genome-wide polygenic scores for five common diseases.
The approach identifies 8.0, 6.1, 3.5, 3.2, and 1.5% of the population at greater than threefold increased risk for coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and breast cancer, respectively.
For coronary artery disease, this prevalence is 20-fold higher than the carrier frequency of rare monogenic mutations conferring comparable risk 6. We propose that it is time to contemplate the inclusion of polygenic risk prediction in clinical care, and discuss relevant issues.
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| ID | Name | Comment | Uploaded | Size | Downloads | |
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| 10688 | CDC_Polygenic_Scores_Sekar_Kathiresan_May2018-compressed.pdf | PDF 2018 | admin 14 Oct, 2018 23:04 | 2.30 Mb | 220 | |
| 10687 | CDC_Polygenic_Scores_Sekar_Kathiresan_May2018.pdf | PDF 2018 | admin 14 Oct, 2018 22:58 | 7.16 Mb | 119 | |
| 10686 | Gene risk.jpg | admin 14 Oct, 2018 22:51 | 39.22 Kb | 197 | ||
| 10685 | Polygenetic Afib.jpg | admin 14 Oct, 2018 15:46 | 15.73 Kb | 214 | ||
| 10684 | Genome-wide polygenic scores.pdf | admin 14 Oct, 2018 15:46 | 1.22 Mb | 8902 |