Vitamin D-loaded lipid nanoparticles: antioxidant properties, preparation, optimization, and in vitro characterization
Drug Deliv Transl Res 2025 Aug 23. doi: 10.1007/s13346-025-01946-1
Khadeejeh Al-Smadi 1, Mohammad Imran 1, Ayyah Abdoh 1, David Liu 1, Khanh Phan 1, Newton Andreo Filho 2 3, Vania Rodrigues Leite-Silva 1 3, Yousuf Mohammed 4 5
Vitamin D3-loaded lipid nanoparticles (Vit D3-LNP), integrated into an azulene cream, were developed to enhance the topical delivery and stability of Vitamin D3. The LNP was formulated using a lipid mixture and hot homogenization-ultrasonication, with comprehensive characterization revealing a particle size of 153.9 nm, a high zeta potential (-54.3 mV), and a PDI of 0.216, which TEM confirmed. Encapsulation efficiency was high (96.98%), indicating successful incorporation of Vitamin D3 within the lipid matrix. Stability studies revealed the impact of light exposure on Vitamin D3 degradation. In vitro, release, and skin penetration studies using Franz diffusion cells and two-photon microscopy demonstrated enhanced drug permeation and retention in deeper skin layers with the cream formulation. Cell Viability test confirmed high cell viability (~ 80-100%) for both free Vitamin D3 and the LNP formulation; also inflammation test showed a significant reduction in ROS levels with Vitamin D3-LNP treatment. These findings highlight the therapeutic value of LNP in managing conditions like Vitiligo, providing insights into the design of stable, effective Vitamin D3 delivery systems for dermal applications, and offering a promising approach for advanced skin treatments.
Keywords: Cytotoxicity; LNP; ROS; TEM; Vitiligo; Zeta potential.
No such attachment on this page
Related in Vitamin D Life
Topical Vitamin D
Nanoemulsion Vitamin D is faster and better - many studies
Inhaled nanoemulsion of Vitamin D killed lung bacteria – Sept 2017 Found of Vitamin D Life has been inhaling Vitamin D since about 2017
Scores of Vitamin D creams on Amazon - Aug 2025
Did not investigate as to how many creams contain a nanoemulsion form of Vitamin D
Founder of Vitamin D Life has purchased 30+ bottles of nanoemulsion drops on Amazon