Table of contents
The Association between Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration during Gestation and Early Childhood Cardio-metabolic Outcomes: Is There Interaction with Pre-Pregnancy BMI? - 2015
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 5;10(8):e0133313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133313.
Hrudey EJ 1, Reynolds RM 2, Oostvogels AJ 1, Brouwer IA 3, Vrijkotte TG 1.
1Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
3Department of Health Sciences, VU University, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Both maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25OHD) status and pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) may influence offspring cardio-metabolic outcomes. Lower 25OHD concentrations have been observed in women with both low and high pBMIs, but the combined influence of pBMI and 25OHD on offspring cardio-metabolic outcomes is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the role of pBMI in the association between maternal 25OHD concentration and cardio-metabolic outcomes in 5-6 year old children. Data were obtained from the ABCD cohort study and 1882 mother-child pairs were included. The offspring outcomes investigated were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, BMI, body fat percentage(%BF), waist-to-height ratio, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, C-peptide, and insulin resistance(HOMA2-IR). 62% of the C-peptide samples were below the detection limit and were thus imputed using survival analysis. Models were corrected for maternal and offspring covariates and tested for interaction with pBMI. Interaction with pBMI was observed in the associations with insulin resistance markers: in offspring of overweight mothers(≥25.0kg/m2), a 10 nmol/L increase in maternal 25OHD was associated with a 0.007(99%CI:-0.01,-0.001) nmol/L decrease in C-peptide and a 0.02(99%CI:-0.03,-0.004) decrease in HOMA2-IR. When only non-imputed data were analyzed, there was a trend for interaction in the relationship but the results lost significance. Interaction with pBMI was not observed for the other outcomes.
A 10 nmol/L increase in maternal 25OHD was significantly associated with a 0.13%(99%CI:-0.3,-0.003) decrease in %BF after correction for maternal and child covariates.
Thus, intrauterine exposure to both low 25OHD and maternal overweight may be associated with increased insulin resistance in offspring, while exposure to low 25OHD in utero may be associated with increased offspring %BF with no interactive effects from pBMI. Due to the limitations of this study, these results are not conclusive, however the observations of this study pose important research questions for future studies to investigate.
PMID: 26244505
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Low maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy increases the risk of childhood obesity - Aug 2018
Pediatr Obes. 2018 Aug;13(8):467-475. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12267. Epub 2018 Jan 28.
Daraki V1,2, Roumeliotaki T1, Chalkiadaki G1, Katrinaki M3, Karachaliou M1, Leventakou V1, Vafeiadi M1, Sarri K1, Vassilaki M4, Papavasiliou S2, Kogevinas M5, Chatzi L1,6,7.
BACKGROUND:
Vitamin D may modulate adipogenesis. However, limited studies have investigated the effect of maternal vitamin D during pregnancy on offspring adiposity or cardiometabolic parameters with inconclusive results.
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study is to examine the association of maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D 25(OH)D status with offspring obesity and cardiometabolic characteristics in 532 mother-child pairs from the prospective pregnancy cohort Rhea in Crete, Greece.
METHODS:
Maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at the first prenatal visit (mean: 14 weeks, SD: 4). Child outcomes included body mass index standard deviation score, waist circumference, skin-fold thickness, blood pressure and serum lipids at ages 4 and 6 years. Body fat percentage was also measured at 6 years. Body mass index growth trajectories from birth to 6 years were estimated by mixed effects models with fractional polynomials of age. Adjusted associations were obtained via multivariable linear regression analyses.
RESULTS:
About two-thirds of participating mothers had 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol L-1 . Offspring of women in the low 25(OH)D tertile (<37.7 nmol L-1 ) had higher body mass index standard deviation score (β 0.20, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.37), and waist circumference (β 0.87 95% CI: 0.12, 1.63) at preschool age, compared with the offspring of women with higher 25(OH)D measurements (≥37.7 nmol L-1 ), on covariate-adjusted analyses. The observed relationships persisted at age 6 years. We found no association between maternal 25(OH)D concentrations and offspring blood pressure or serum lipids at both time points.
CONCLUSIONS:
Exposure to very low 25(OH)D concentrations in utero may increase childhood adiposity indices. Given that vitamin D is a modifiable risk factor, our findings may have important public health implications.
See also Vitamin D Life
- Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D
- Low vitamin D during pregnancy increases risk of future health problems (obesity etc.) – May 2022
- Child 49 percent higher risk of being overweight if preeclampsia during pregnancy – Sept 2017
Obese need 2 - 3 X more vitamin D - click on chart for details
Pages listed in BOTH the categories Pregnancy and Obesity
- Increased obesity risk in child if low vitamin D while pregnant - Feb 2023
- Low vitamin D during pregnancy increases risk of future health problems (obesity etc.) – May 2022
- Slow fetal growth if mother was obese and had low vitamin D (40 ng is good) – Oct 2021
- Fetus conceived by slender mom grown by obese mom is more likely will become obese - Sept 2020
- Autism 2.1 times more likely if obese and PCOS (relationships to vitamin D not mentioned) Oct 2016
- Prenatal soft drink resulted in 2 times more overweight babies at age 12 months (vitamin D not mentioned) – May 2016
- Infant risk of obesity increased by 50 percent if low vitamin D during pregnancy – Sept 2015
- Overweight children associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy – 2015, 2018
- High risk of extremely premature birth if high BMI (low vitamin D) – June 2013
- 1.8X increased risk of Obesity if antibiotics were used during pregnancy – Nov 2014
- Morbid obesity increases chance of extreme preemie by 3X (low vitamin D not mentioned) – June 2013
- Obese mothers with adequate vitamin D gave birth to low D and fat infants – Jan 2013
- Low vitamin D in womb linked to more weight at age 6 – May 2012
- Vitamin D Levels at Birth May Predict Obesity Risk at age 3 - Oct 2010
- Half of newborn deaths are due to excessive weight of their mothers – Oct 2010
Pages in BOTH of categories: Infant-Child and Obesity
- Obese children have poor vitamin D genes (CYP27A1, CYP2R1, CYP27B1) – March 2024
- Obese children had less gene methylation (gene not work as well) – March 2024
- Obese asthmatic children Vitamin D - 50,000 IU then 8,000 IU daily - RCT Jan 2024
- High-dose Vitamin D reduced inflammation and insulin resistance (obese children) - Dec 2023
- Vitamin D half life is shorter in asthmatic children who are more obese – Nov 2023
- Childhood BMI decreased when add a little Vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2023
- Child Obesity and Vitamin D - many studies
- Recent increases in pediatric endocrine problems may be decreased by Vitamin D – Aug 2022
- Obese during childhood usually results in obese adult (M.R., not a surprise) - Aug 2022
- Less obese child if supplemented with Vitamin D as an infant– meta-analysis Feb 2021
- Obese children had 2.2 X less response to a single dose of Vitamin D – Oct 2020
- Little weight loss in obese children from very small amount of vitamin D (1200 IU) – RCT April 2020
- Increased weight in children 8X more likely for each unit increase in adenovirus (if ignore Vitamin D) – Nov 2019
- Obesity 3X more likely in US children having low vitamin D – July 2019
- Overweight children are 3.4 X more likely to have low Vitamin D – March 2019
- Indoor pollution is a problem with obese black asthmatic children – May 2018
- Severe Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease treated by Omega-3 – RCT April 2018
- The Convergence of Two Epidemics: Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese School-aged Children – Jan 2018
- NAFLD in children nicely treated by combination of Vitamin D and Omega-3 – RCT Dec 2016
- Omega-3 in infancy reduces Obesity following antibiotic (confirmed in rats, suspected in humans) – Feb 2016
- Vitamin D deficiency and childhood obesity: interactions, implications, and recommendations (5,000 IU) – Feb 2016
- Obese children – 71 percent had low vitamin D– Jan 2016
- Infant risk of obesity increased by 50 percent if low vitamin D during pregnancy – Sept 2015
- Obese children and youths need more vitamin D – Review Feb 2015
- Overweight children associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy – 2015, 2018
- Higher vitamin D at birth associated with less diabetes and obesity 35 years later – Jan 2014
- More Hypertension in obese children with low vitamin D, especially at night – Dec 2013
- Very poor follow-thu with vitamin D testing and supplementation of obese children – June 2013
- Obese children gain weight more quickly when have low vitamin D – Oct 2013
- Obese mothers with adequate vitamin D gave birth to low D and fat infants – Jan 2013
- Heavier kids more vitamin D deficient, especially if dark skinned – Pediatrics Dec 2012
- Obese children with celiac disease had lower levels of vitamin D – April 2012
- The more vitamin D the lower the infant BMI – March 2011
- Obama task force told that childhood Obesity linked to Vitamin D Deficiency – Aug 2010