Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Associated with Increased Risk of the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome at Five Years:

Results from a National, Population-Based Prospective Study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study: AusDiab).

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Mar 22.
Gagnon C, Lu ZX, Magliano DJ, Dunstan DW, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Sikaris K, Ebeling PR, Daly RM.
Department of Medicine (C.G., P.R.E., R.M.D.), NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3021 Australia; Department of Medicine (C.G.), Centre hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Canada G1V 4G2; Melbourne Pathology (Z.X.L., K.S.), Melbourne, Victoria 3066, Australia; Departments of Medicine (Z.X.L.) and Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (D.J.M., D.W.D., J.E.S., P.Z.Z.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Baker International Diabetes Institute Heart and Diabetes Institute (D.J.M., D.W.D., J.E.S., P.Z.Z.), Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Cancer Prevention Research Centre (D.W.D.), School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Edith Cowan University Health and Wellness Institute (D.W.D.), Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia; and Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (R.M.D.), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125 Australia.
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Context:Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] concentration has been inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the relationship between 25(OH)D and incident MetS remains unclear.

Objective:We evaluated the prospective association between 25(OH)D, MetS, and its components in a large population-based cohort of adults aged 25 yr or older.

Design:We used baseline (1999-2000) and 5-yr follow-up data of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab).

Participants:Of the 11,247 adults evaluated at baseline, 6,537 returned for follow-up. We studied those without MetS at baseline and with complete data (n = 4164; mean age 50 yr; 58% women; 92% Europids).

Outcome Measures:We report the associations between baseline 25(OH)D and 5-yr MetS incidence and its components, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, season, latitude, smoking, family history of type 2 diabetes, physical activity, education, kidney function, waist circumference (WC), and baseline MetS components.

Results: A total of 528 incident cases (12.7%) of MetS developed over 5 yr. Compared with those in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D (?34 ng/ml), MetS risk was significantly higher in people with 25(OH)D in the first (<18 ng/ml) and second (18-23 ng/ml) quintiles; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.41 (1.02-1.95) and 1.74 (1.28-2.37), respectively.

Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with

• 5-yr WC (P < 0.001),
• triglycerides (P < 0.01),
• fasting glucose (P < 0.01), and
• homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.001)
  but not with
• 2-h plasma glucose (P = 0.29),
• high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.70), or
• blood pressure (P = 0.46).

Conclusions:In Australian adults, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with increased MetS risk and higher WC, serum triglyceride, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance at 5 yr. Vitamin D supplementation studies are required to establish whether the link between vitamin D deficiency and MetS is causal.

PMID: 22442263
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See also Vitamin D Life

• Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
• All items in category Metabolic Syndrome 84 items
• Metabolic Syndrome 70 % more likely if vitamin D insufficient – March 2012
• 70 % increased chance of metabolic syndrome if low on vitamin D – May 2011