Anemia 1.9X more likely in white children having lowish vitamin D – Jan 2014

Vitamin D, Race, and Risk for Anemia in Children

The Journal of Pediatrics. Volume 164, Issue 1 , Pages 153-158.e1, January 2014
Portions of this study were presented as a poster at the Pediatric Academic Societies' Meeting, Denver, CO, April 30 - May 3, 2011.
Meredith A. Atkinson, MD, MHS matkins3 at jhmi.edu , Michal L. Melamed, MD, MHS, Juhi Kumar, MD, MPH, Cindy N. Roy, PhD, Edgar R. Miller III, PhD, MD, Susan L. Furth, MD, PhD , Jeffrey J. Fadrowski, MD, MHS
Received 13 June 2013; received in revised form 24 July 2013; accepted 26 August 2013. published online 10 October 2013.

Objective: To examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency and anemia in a cohort of otherwise-healthy children and to determine whether race modifies the association between 25(OH)D status and hemoglobin (Hgb).

Study design: Cross-sectional study of 10 410 children and adolescents ages 1-21 years from the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Anemia was defined as Hgb less than the 5th percentile for age and sex based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) data.

Results: Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased risk for anemia;

• <30 ng/mL, adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.21-3.08, P = .006, and
• <20 ng/mL, OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.14-1.89, P = .004.

In linear regression, small but significant increases in Hgb were noted in the upper quartiles of 25(OH)D compared with the lowest quartile (<20 ng/mL) in the full cohort.
Results of race-stratified linear regression by 25(OH)D quartile in white children were similar to those observed in the full cohort, but in black children, an increase in Hgb in the upper 25(OH)D quartiles was only apparent compared with the lowest black race−specific quartile (<12 ng/mL).

Conclusion: 25(OH)D deficiency is associated with increased risk of anemia in healthy US children, but the 25(OH)D threshold levels for lower Hgb are lower in black children in comparison with white children.

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