Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis
J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 26;9(8):E2384. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082384.
Patricia Urbaneja 1 2 3, Isaac Hurtado-Guerrero 1 2 3, Miguel Ángel Hernández 3 4, Begoña Oliver-Martos 1 2 3, Celia Oreja-Guevara 3 5, Jesús Ortega-Pinazo 1 2, Ana Alonso 1 2 3, Francisco J Barón-López 1 6 7, Laura Leyva 1 2 3, Óscar Fernández 1 8, María Jesús Pinto-Medel 1 2 3
- Smoking reduces vitamin D often by 10 ng
- Vitamin D prevents smoke lung damage in mice (If you must smoke, take vitamin D) – Nov 2019
- Darker skin smokers have lower levels of vitamin D – Feb 2015
Items in both categories MS and Dark Skin are listed here:
- Multiple Sclerosis 42X more likely if light brown skin and smoke (both associated with low vitamin D) – July 2020
- Rate of vitamin D supplementation by Blacks increases 16X after getting Multiple Sclerosis – Feb 2018
- Increased risk of multiple sclerosis risk in African Americans due to genes – June 2013
- Multiple Sclerosis: high incidence in black women than whites (perhaps vitamin D) – May 2013
- Hispanics with MS had lower levels of vitamin D which did not vary seasonally – May 2012
- African-Americans and MS
Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D contains the following summary
FACT - - People with dark skins have more health problems and higher mortality rate than those with light skins
FACT - - People with dark skins have low levels of vitamin D
FACT - - People with light skins who have low vitamin D have health problems
OBSERVATION - - The health problems of whites with low level of vitamin D are similar to those with dark skins
CONCLUSION - - People with dark skins have more health problems due to low levels of vitamin D
Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life
Environmental and genetic factors are assumed to be necessary for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), however its interactions are still unclear. For this reason here, we have not only analyzed the impact on increased risk of MS of the best known factors (HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele, sun exposure, vitamin D levels, smoking habit), but we have included another factor (skin phototype) that has not been analyzed in depth until now. This study included 149 MS patients and 147 controls. A multivariate logistic regression (LR) model was carried out to determine the impact of each of the factors on the increased risk of MS. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate predictive value of the models. Our multifactorial LR model of susceptibility showed that females with light brown skin (LBS), smokers and who had HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele had a higher MS risk (LBS: OR = 5.90, IC95% = 2.39-15.45; smoker: OR = 4.52, IC95% = 2.69-7.72; presence of HLA-DRB1*15:01: OR = 2.39, IC95% = 1.30-4.50; female: OR = 1.88, IC95% = 1.08-3.30). This model had an acceptable discriminant value with an Area Under a Curve AUC of 0.76 (0.69-0.82). Our study indicates that MS risk is determined by complex interactions between sex, environmental factors, and genotype where the milieu could provide the enabling proinflammatory environment that drives an autoimmune attack against myelin by self-reactive lymphocytes.