Low serum vitamin D level and COVID-19 infection and outcomes, a multivariate meta-analysis
Jie Chen, Lixia Xie, Ping Yuan, Jianyong Ma, Peng Yu, Chunhua Zheng, Xiao Liu
Preprint Oct 27 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.24.20218974
Objective: This study aimed to determine whether serum vitamin D is independently associated with COVID-19 infection and outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: We identified relevant studies by searching the PubMed, Embase, and medRxiv databases from December 2019 to October 1, 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effects models. Only reports with multivariate adjusted results were included to avoid the impact of potential confounding factors.
Results: A total of six studies with 377,265 patients were identified. Overall, in the categorical analysis, a low serum vitamin D level was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19
- infection (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09- 1.97, I2=81%),
- hospitalization (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.22-2.74, I2=0%),
but not in-hospital death (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 0.27-27.61). Notably, when vitamin D level was analyzed as a continuous variable, each 5 ng/ml increase in vitamin D level was not associated with any increased risk of COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96-1.12, I2=74%) or in-hospital death (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12).
Conclusions: Low serum vitamin D is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. In-hospital death showed a tendency to be increased in COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D levels. The ongoing clinical trials for evaluation of vitamin D supplementation will be key to the validation of this adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 patients.
 Download the final Nov 4 peer-reviewed version from sci-hub Vitamin D Life
 Download the previous Oct 27 pre-print version from Vitamin D Life
See also: COVID-19 1.7X more likely to be severe if low Vitamin D - meta-analysis Oct 2020
COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos
As of Dec 12 had: 36 trials, 4 trial results, 7 meta-analyses and reviews, 36 observations, 19 recommendations, 35 associations, 81 speculations, 30 videos jump to section by clicking on underlined items
Top Vitamin D and COVID-19 recent updates
- 75 articles indicate that Vitamin D should fight COVID-19 – Evidence Review Dec 10, 2020
- 3.8 X higher risk of COVID-19 death if low vitamin D – Belgium Nov 25, 2020
- Vitamin D recommended to fight COVID-19 by 2 groups – Dec 7, 2020
- 5X more likely to test positive for COVID-19 if low vitamin D in previous 5 years (900,000 people) - Dec 4, 2020
- UV provides the best explanation of COVID-19 variation in Italy (74 pcnt) – Nov 2020
- COVID-19 Scoping Review of Vitamin D finds lots of evidence, protocol to be used is unclear - Nov 26, 2020
- COVID-19 protocol proposed in India includes Vitamin D - Nov 12, 2020
- Covid-19 protocol includes Vitamin D and aspirin - Nov 27, 2020
- Vitamin D helps athletes while reducing their COVID-19 risk - Dec 4, 2020
- Hyperglycemic 2X more likely to have severe COVID-19 - Nov 2020
- A Medical School COVID-19 protocol includes Vitamin D for all phases – Marik Nov 2020
- 5.8 X more likely to die of COVID-19 if low vitamin D - Systematic Review Dec 3, 2020
- Vitamin D has eliminated ICU COVID-19 in hospital in Dubai since June - Sept 26, 2020
- Evidence of Vitamin D fighting COVID-19 etc. - take 4,000 IU if less than 20 ng (UK) – Dec 1, 2020
- 1.4X less risk of COVID-19 if had taken some Vitamin D (a US yes-no survey) – Nov 30, 2020
- COVID-19 and Vitamin D: Health Authorities do not understand risk-reward – Nov 2020
- c19study.com/d has excellent synopsis of Vitamin D and COVID studies
- COVID-19 – Putative Roles of Vitamin D – Nov 2020
- Fight COVID-19 without drugs or vaccines, Vitamin D is the single most-studied way – Nov 2020
- Clinical trials are proving that Vitamin D fights COVID-19 in hospitals by Vitamin D Life
- Vitamin D should fight COVID-19 (but Irish Consortium recommends only 1,000 IU) – Nov 21, 2020
- Hospital COVID-19 observation: 7X more likely to live if more than 20 ng of vitamin D– Nov 19, 2020
- Severe COVID-19 not fought by vitamin D when given too late - RCT Nov 18, 2020
- Higher vitamin D associated with fewer cases and deaths in India Nov 2020
- COVID-19 defeated 3x faster by 420,000 IU Vitamin D nanoemulsion – RCT Nov 12, 2020
- 2X fewer COVID-19 deaths observed if infrequent vitamin D (2X more deaths if daily dose) – ClinicalTrial Oct 20, 2020
- French National Academy recommended 100,000 IU of Vitamin D to elderly to fight COVID-19 - May 2020
- Chinese COVID-19 study – 80 pct of severe cases had low Vitamin D, all asymptomatic cases had OK Vit D – Oct 13, 2020
- Vitamin D and COVID-19 - observational studies found it helps, never hurts - Campbell Oct 31, 2020
- Low Vitamin D associated 1.8X increased risk of COVID-19 death in hosptial – meta-analysis Nov 4, 2020
- COVID-19 lung death 4X more likely in Iran if less than 25 ng of vitamin D – Oct 30, 2020
- Evidence Regarding Vitamin D and Risk of COVID-19 and its Severity - Oct 27, 2020
- COVID-19 patients who happened to be taking Vitamin D did much better – Oct 27,2020
- 9X COVID-19 survival in nursing home if had 80,000 IU dose of vitamin D in previous month – Oct 2020
- COVID-19 fought by Vitamin D in 43 studies - Oct 15, 2020
- 32X more likely to have severe-critical COVID-19 in Turkish hospital if Vitamin D deficient – Oct 5, 2020
- Vitamin D Cuts SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rate by Half Mercola Sept 28
- 47% lower SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate if > 50 ng vs < 20 ng
- 58% lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 if > 30 ng vs < 30 ng
- 2X higher risk of hospitialization if <30 ng
- ICU patients got semi-activated Vitamin D - death rate dropped to 2% from 50%
- Virtually no COVID-19 cases in countries having more than 30 ng of Vitamin D - Sept 17, 2020
- Rate of COVID-19 test positive is 40 pcnt lower if high vitamin D (192,000 people) - Holick Sept 2020
- Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 (16 reasons) – Sept 1, 2020
Many clinical trials are underway which are testing Vitamin D to fight COVID-19
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14530 | Meta-Analysis COVID-19.pdf | PDF 2020 | admin 05 Nov, 2020 10:24 | 1.87 Mb | 13 | |
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