The Gut Microbiota Regulates Endocrine Vitamin D Metabolism through Fibroblast Growth Factor 23
Front. Immunol., 02 March 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00408
Started with germ-free mice
Chow included 200 IU of vitamin D 3 days a week (= average of 86 IU daily) for 2 or 4 weeks
Fecal transplants significantly increased the active Vitamin D levels in blood
Many studies have found profound interactions between gut bacteria and Vitamin D
- Gut microbiome massively changed by high dose vitamin D – July 2015
- Fecal transplants increased Vitamin D levels (germ-free mice) – March 2018
- Microbiome improvement by probiotics can be augmented with phages (gut, etc.)
- Vitamin D Receptor in gut can be activated by lithocholic acid produced by gut bacteria
- Off topic - Parkinson’s Disease changes gut bacteria – March 2015
- Probiotic and vitamin D synergy - July 2015
- Gut, Alzheimer, autism, disease, fecal transplant, etc - Dr. Perlmutter, May 2015
- Prediabetic have very different gut bacteria – March 2015
- Gut Microbiome is important during pregnancy – Dec 2014
- Vitamin D treatment of diabetes (50,000 IU every 2 weeks) augmented by probiotic – RCT June 2018
Antibiotics impares the gut bacteria - especially when given before 2 years of age
- Autism risk increased if infant had antibiotics (2X), acetaminophen (3X), or no vitamin D drops (1.5X) – June 2018 Note: Antibiotics is a bigger risk factor than having no vitamin D
- Child Asthma increased 2.1 X by antibiotics, Child milk allergy increased 4.4 X by PPI – April 2018
- 5 Antibiotic courses raised risk of diabetes by 37 percent (200,000 diabetics, more than 1 year after antibiotic) - 2015, 2016
- Diabetes risk increased by 50 percent if had 5 courses of antibiotics – Aug 2015
Antibiotics ==> Obesity?
- 1.8X increased risk of Obesity if antibiotics were used during pregnancy – Nov 2014
- Antibiotics, even short-term, cause long-term microbiome and metabolic changes in mice – June 2015
- Antibiotic usage US map is very similar to obesity US map - June 2015
- Low-level antibiotics causes weight gain in mice (and most mammals) – Aug 2014
Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life
Big increase in just 2 weeks. Wonder how much it would increase in 2 months
Activated Vitamin D levels increased 2.5X after tranplant
and by 5X if transplant AND 4 weeks of Vitamin D
Stephanie A. Bora1,2, Mary J. Kennett1, Philip B. Smith2,3, Andrew D. Patterson1,2,3 and Margherita T. Cantorna1,2*
1 Dept. of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Penn. State University, University Park, PA, United States
2 The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Penn. State University, University Park, PA, United States
3 Eberly College of Science, The Penn. State University, University Park, PA, United States
To determine the effect of the microbiota on vitamin D metabolism, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25D), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) were measured in germ-free (GF) mice before and after conventionalization (CN). GF mice had low levels of 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D and were hypocalcemic. CN of the GF mice with microbiota, for 2 weeks recovered 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D levels.
Females had more 25D and 24,25D than males both as GF mice and after CN.
Introducing a limited number of commensals (eight commensals) increased 25D and 24,25D to the same extent as CN. Monocolonization with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium increased 25D and 24,25D, but the values only increased after 4 weeks of C. rodentium colonization when inflammation resolved. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 was extremely high in GF mice. CN resulted in an increase in TNF-α expression in the colon 2 days after CN that coincided with a reduction in FGF23 by 3 days that eventually normalized 25D, 24,25D, 1,25D at 1-week post-CN and reinstated calcium homeostasis. Neutralization of FGF23 in GF mice raised 1,25D, without CN, demonstrating that the high FGF23 levels were responsible for the low calcium and 1,25D in GF mice. The microbiota induce inflammation in the GF mice that inhibits FGF23 to eventually reinstate homeostasis that includes increased 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D levels. The microbiota through FGF23 regulates vitamin D metabolism.