Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women of ethnic minority: a potential contributor to preeclampsia
Journal of Perinatology , (22 May 2014) | doi:10.1038/jp.2014.91
I V Reeves, Z D Bamji, G B Rosario, K M Lewis, M A Young and K N Washington
Objective: We investigated risk for comorbidities and preeclampsia at low vitamin D levels in ethnic minorities.
Study design: Umbilical cord vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was determined in urban minorities: 80.9% African American and 17% Hispanic mothers-baby pairs. To identify the correlation between vitamin D levels and high-risk comorbidities which result in preeclampsia, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.
Result: Below the Institute of Medicine threshold of 25(OH)D for pregnant women (25 ng ml−1), obesity (P=0.055) and pregestational diabetes (odds ratio (OR)=2.056) were observed.
The study median was 16 ng ml−1 (<25th percentile), at which
- gestational hypertension (P=0.042),
- chronic hypertension (OR=4.842) and
- pregestational diabetes (OR=3.45) became relevant.
The risk for preeclampsia increased
- 12-fold with gestational hypertension (P=0.003) and
- 14-fold with combined chronic and gestational hypertension (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Pregnant women of ethnic minority had lower median vitamin D levels which may contribute to a potential risk for preeclampsia.
See also Vitamin D Life
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The articles in Pregnancy AND Dark Skin are here:
- Vitamin D Status May Help Explain Maternal Race and Ethnic Factors in Primary Cesarean Section Delivery – April 2020
- Dark-skin plus low vitamin D in first trimester made preterm birth 2.9 X more likely – Dec 2019
- Low vitamin D in pregnancy linked to potentially harmful vaginal bacteria in black women - May 2019
- Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
- Depressed black pregnant women should take vitamin D – April 2018
- Bone loss during black pregnancies – 4000 IU of vitamin D was not enough – Dec 2017
- Preterm birth more likely if dark skinned and low vitamin D (not white-skinned) – April 2017
- Dark skin pregnancies 2.6 times more likely to have low vitamin D – March 2017
- Premature birth and infant mortality worse if dark skin (low vitamin D) - 2015
- Autism with intellectual disability 2.5 times more likely if low vitamin D during pregnancy – April 2016
- Ethnicity and low vitamin D levels during pregnancy – Jan 2016
- Metabolites of pregnant blacks vary with vitamin D level – Nov 2014
- Dark-skined mothers: preeclampsia 12X more likely if gestational hypertension – May 2014
- 78 percent of pregnant immigrants in Sweden had less than 10 ng low vitamin D – Nov 2013
- Depression in pregnant blacks strongly associated to vitamin D levels – Nov 2012
- Dr. Holick video on vitamin D - March 2013
- Dark skinned pregnant women far from equator were very vitamin D deficient – Sept 2012
- Pregnant blacks 50 pcnt more likely to be depressed if 3 ng less vitamin D – July 2012
- 80 percent of South Asian Women in UK had less than 10 ng of vitamin D in winter – April 2012
- Blacks have more pre-term births due to low nutrients such as vitamin D – Sept 2011
- Dark skin births are much riskier due to lack of vitamin D
- Vitamin D and fertility and birth problems with dark skin – Jan 2011
- Very low vitamin D for first pregnancies and those with dark skin – Jan 2011
- 97 percent of pregnant Blacks had less than 32 ng of vitamin D - 2010
- Pregnant women vitamin D insuficiency Black 97 Hispanic 81 White 67 percent – July 2010