Table of contents
- Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) 1.9 X more likely if low vitamin D - Meta-analysis June 2022
- Cardiovascular Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. - Oct 2021
- Cardiovascular category in Vitamin D Life
- Data hints that heart problems can be fought by a combination of Vit D, Vit K, Mg, and Omega-3
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34 studies of Cardiovascular and Omega-3 17 studies of Cardiovascular and Magnesium 26 studies of Cardiovascular and Vitamin K2 - Cardiovascular and Virus
18 studies - Vitamin D Life -
39 Other Cardiovascular Meta-analyses - See related in Vitamin D Life
- See also web
- There have been
3648 visits to this page Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) 1.9 X more likely if low vitamin D - Meta-analysis June 2022
Hypovitaminosis D and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
IJC Heart & Vasculature Volume 40, June 2022, 101019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101019
Vikash Jaiswala, Angela Ishakb, Song Peng Angc, Nishan Babu Pokhreld, Nishat Shamae, Kriti Lnuf,*> Jeffy Susan Vargheseg, Tatyana Storozhenko h, Jia Ee Chiac, Sidra Nazi, Prachi Sharmaj, Akash Jaiswalk
a AMA School of Medicine, Makati, Philippines
b European University Cyprus, School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
c School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
d Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
e Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh f Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Harrisburg, PA, USA
g Department of Cardiology, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
h Government Institution “L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute NAMSU”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
i BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, USA
j Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
k Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, IndiaHighlights
- Vitamin D deficiency can not only affect bones but have association with cardiovascular effects.
- The likelihood of unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes, especially major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), new MI, and all-cause mortality among deficient vitamin D patient is poorly understood.
- This is a first and most comprehensive meta-analysis with the largest sample size thus far comparing vitamin D levels in terms of cardiovascular outcomes.
- High risk patients need to monitor vitamins level and implement vitamins supplementation to avoid adverse outcomes especially elder females.
Background
The relation between blood vitamin D levels and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes is debatable. To our knowledge this is the first comparative meta-analysis of more than 100,000 patients’ data with the aim to inspect the relevance of low vitamin D levels with adverse cardiovascular events.Methods
Online databases including PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central were queried to compare the cardiovascular outcomes among hypovitaminosis D (HVD) and control group. The outcomes assessed included differences in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), mortality, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random-effect model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and P less than 0.05 as a statistical significance.Results
A total of 8 studies including 426,039 patients were included in this analysis. HVD group was associated with a
higher incidence of MACE (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.98, p = 0.003),
while there was no significant association of- HVD and all-cause mortality (OR 1.77, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.17, p = 0.19),
- risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.24, p = 0.22), and
- heart failure (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.34 to 4.25, p = 0.78).
Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggested that low blood levels of vitamin D are associated with MACE,
but no such difference in- all-cause mortality,
- myocardial infarction or
- heart failure
was observed.
Appropriate supplementation of vitamin D in selected populations might be cardioprotective in nature and warrants extensive trials.
 Download the PDF from Vitamin D LifeCardiovascular Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. - Oct 2021
Nutrients 2021, 13, 3603. https:// doi.org/10.3390/nu13103603
Nicola Cosentino i2, Jeness Campodonico '2, Valentina Milazzo *, Monica De Metrio 2, Marta Brambilla 2, Marina Camera 13 and Giancarlo Marenzi 1,Correspondence: giancarlo.marenzi at ccfm.it
Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; nicola.cosentino at ccfm.it (N.C.); jeness.campodonico at ccfm.it (J.C.); valentina.milazzo at ccfm.it (V.M.); monica.demetrio at ccfm.it (M.D.M.); marta.brambilla at cfm.it (M.B.); marina.camera at ccfm.it (M.C.)
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyVitamin D deficiency is a prevalent condition, occurring in about 30-50% of the population, observed across all ethnicities and among all age groups. Besides the established role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis, its deficiency is emerging as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, several epidemiological and clinical studies have reported a close association between low vitamin D levels and major CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Moreover, in all these clinical settings, vitamin deficiency seems to predispose to increased morbidity, mortality, and recurrent cardiovascular events. Despite this growing evidence, interventional trials with supplementation of vitamin D in patients at risk of or with established CVD are still controversial. In this review, we aimed to summarize the currently available evidence supporting the link between vitamin D deficiency and major CVDs in terms of its prevalence, clinical relevance, prognostic impact, and potential therapeutic implications.
 Download the PDF from Vitamin D LifeNote: All 4 trials use Vitamin D + Omega-3
Cardiovascular category in Vitamin D Life
507 items In Cardiovascular category Cardiovascular category is associated with other categories: Diabetes 31, Omega-3 31 , Vitamin K 25 , Intervention 22 . Mortality 20 , Skin - Dark 18 , Magnesium 17 , Calcium 14 , Hypertension 14 , Trauma and surgery 13 , Stroke 13 , Kidney 12 , Metabolic Syndrome 11 , Seniors 10 , Pregnancy 8 as of Aug 2022
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Cardiovascular Disease is treated by Vitamin D - many studies 39+ meta-analyses
- Coronary Artery Disease and Vitamin D - many studies 18+
- Cardiovascular problems reduced by Omega-3 - many studies 34+
- Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies 71+
- Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies 26+
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies 25+
- Arterial Stiffness and Vitamins – only Vitamin D was found to help – meta-analysis Feb 2022
- Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
- Giving free vitamin D to every Iranian would pay for itself by just reducing CVD – Oct 2021
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest – 2.8 X higher risk if low vitamin D – 2019
- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Cardiovascular disease 2.3 X more-likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2022
Cholesterol, Statins- Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
- Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
- Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019
Data hints that heart problems can be fought by a combination of Vit D, Vit K, Mg, and Omega-3
34 studies of Cardiovascular and Omega-3 This list is automatically updated
- Omega-3 reduces many aspects of heart problems - Jan 2024
- Cardiovascular problems reduced by Omega-3 - many studies
- Cardiovascular problems are prevented by Vitamin D plus Omega-3 – Feb 2023
- Omega-3 decreases heart disease and COVID: Harris and Patrick, video and transcript - Dec 2021
- Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies
- Omega-3 reduced cardiovascular deaths by 16 percent (427,678 people) – March 2020
- Synthetic EPA drug recommended to FDA for Cardio (Omega-3 is 8 X better) – Nov 2019
- Omega-3 reduces heart problems by ~5 percent – meta-analysis by Heart Association Oct 2019
- Cardiovascular Prevention with Omega-3 (finally using high doses) – Sept 2019
- Few people have enough EPA (an Omega-3) to reduce heart failures – July 2019
- Another Nail in the Coffin for Fish Oil Supplements (nope) – JAMA April 2018
- Omega-3 provides many cardiovascular benefits – April 2018
- Omega-3 helps the heart, AHA class II recommendation, more than 1 gm may be needed – March 2018
- 3 days of Omega-3 before cardiac surgery reduced risk of post-op bleeding by half – RCT March 2018
- Perhaps the Omega-3 optimal level is 10 percent, not 8 – Feb 2018
- Omega-3 Cardiovascular meta-analysis has at least 5 major problems – Jan 2018
- Benefits of Omega-3 beyond heart health - LEF Feb 2018
- Higher Omega-3 index (4 to 8 percent) associated with 30 percent less risk of coronary disease (10 studies) July 2017
- Cardiovascular problems reduced by low dose aspirin and perhaps Omega-3 (also Vit K) – Sept 2017
- Omega-3 reduced time in hospital and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery – meta-analysis May 2016
- For every Omega-3 dollar there is a 84 dollar savings in Cardiovascular costs - Foster and Sullivan April 2016
- High dose Omega-3 probably reduces heart problems – American Heart Association – March 2017
- Health problems prevented by eating nuts (perhaps due to Magnesium and or Omega-3) – meta-analysis Dec 2016
- Omega-3 – need more than 1 gram for a short time to reduce Cardiovascular Disease – Nov 2016
- Omega-3 is vital for health, mail-in test is low cost and accurate
- Cardiovascular calcification prevented by Omega-3, Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Vitamin D – April 2015
- Atrial fibrillation sometimes treated by Omega-3 – meta-analysis Sept 2015
- Salmon intervention (vitamin D and Omega-3) improved heart rate variability and reduced anxiety – Nov 2014
- Omega-7 - in addition to Omega-3
- Omega-3 reduces Coronary Heart Disease - infographic June 2014
- Cardiovascular diseases – conflicting data on benefits of Omega-3 and vitamin D – Feb 2014
- Cardiovascular system benefits from both Omega-3 and vitamin D – Dec 2012
- Heart problems such as Afib related to little Magnesium, Omega-3, Vitamin D getting to tissues
- Omega-3 does not help heart patients – meta-analysis Sept 2012
17 studies of Cardiovascular and Magnesium This list is automatically updated
- More Magnesium needed to decrease diabetes, cardio, HT (body weight has increased) - March 2021
- Nitric oxide increased by UVA, Vitamin D, Magnesium, etc,
- Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies
- Signs of low Magnesium (heart problems in this case) – Jan 2018
- Ablation does not reduce atrial fibrillation (CABANA study) but Magnesium does – June 2018
- Cardiometaboic problems decreased with increased Vitamin D, unless low Magnesium – Aug 2017
- Heart problems in obese increase if deficient in BOTH Vitamin D and Magnesium – Aug 2017
- Health problems prevented by eating nuts (perhaps due to Magnesium and or Omega-3) – meta-analysis Dec 2016
- Cardiovascular calcification prevented by Omega-3, Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Vitamin D – April 2015
- More vitamin D makes for better health – dissertation based on Rotterdam studies – Oct 2015
- Atrial Fibrillation - remineralize your heart - Aug 2015
- Magnesium Suppresses Formation of Clogged Arteries - May 2014
- Off Topic: EDTA similar reduction in heart attack as Vitamin C, aspirin and Mg – RCT March 2013
- Death from Coronary Heart Disease related to low Magnesium intake – March 2013
- Magnesium prevents cardiovascular events – Meta-analysis March 2013
- Hypothesis: Decreasing Magnesium and increasing CaMg ratio are increasing health problems – 2012 - 2013
- Heart problems such as Afib related to little Magnesium, Omega-3, Vitamin D getting to tissues
26 studies of Cardiovascular and Vitamin K2 This list is automatically updated
- Vitamin K, cardiovascular health, and stroke - many studies
- Bone loss results in blood vessel plaque if low Vitamin K2, less bone loss if high K2– April 2021
- Cardiovascular Disease prevented by Vitamin K2-4 when enough is used – RCT review Sept 2020
- Calcium Supplementation is OK provided you also take Vitamin K – Feb 2019
- Vitamin K reduces calcification (reported yet again) – Feb 2019
- Vitamin K (across all dose sizes and types) decrease Vascular Stiffness – meta-analysis - Dec 2018
- Vitamin D and Vitamin K together fight CVD Part 1- Pizzorno
- Vitamin K, Cardiovascular and interactions with Vitamin D and Vitamin A – Pizzorno July 2018
- Mortality associated with Vitamin K insufficiency (PREVEND Study) – Nov 2017
- Intracranial arterial calcification in 85 percent of ischemic strokes (Vitamin K and Vitamin D should help) – Oct 2017
- Decalcify Aortic Valve – 3 year trial with 1 mg of Vitamin K and 5,000 IU of Vitamin D – 2021
- Cardiovascular problems reduced by low dose aspirin and perhaps Omega-3 (also Vit K) – Sept 2017
- Athletes maximal cardiac output increased 12 percent with Vitamin K2 – RCT July 2017
- Fast blood flow 6.8 X more likely if high vitamin D AND high vitamin K – Aug 2017
- Low Vitamin K2 is as risky as smoking for heart disease - Oct 2016
- Cardiovascular death: 9 percent due to hypertension or air pollution, 7 percent: low Vitamin K2 or smoking – Oct 2016
- Decreased need for warfarin after Vitamin D levels optimized – RCT May 2016
- Cardiovascular calcification prevented by Omega-3, Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Vitamin D – April 2015
- The health benefits of vitamin K – Oct 2015
- If you must take statins and want to avoid hardening of arteries, take vitamin K2 – RCT May 2015
- Vitamin K2-7 decreases arterial stiffness (cleans arteries) – RCT Feb 2015
- Hypothesis: Vitamin K will reduce prostate blood vessel problems – Jan 2015
- Increased Vitamin K2 reduces the problems of excess Calcium – Nov 2013
- Cholesterol, Vitamins D3 and K2, heart disease, sulfates, LDL, – Masterjohn Interview Jan 2013
- Soft Bones, Hard Arteries, Vitamin D, Vitamin K2 and antibiotics – Sept 2012
- Low Vitamin D and Vitamin K: brittle bones and hardened arteries – LEF Sept 2010
Cardiovascular and Virus
18 studies This list is automatically updated
- Corpses with fiberous clots: 0% before COVID, 30% in 2022, 20% in 2023
- 2 reasons doctors not aware of post-vaccination myocarditis (2.5% of jabs) - Nov 2023
- Vaccine Clinical Trial - cardiovascular death 3.7X more likely if vaccinated - preprint Sept 2023
- Myocarditis, Pericarditis 2X more likely if had COVID vaccination in previous 30 days - meta-analysis June 2023
- COVID Vaccinations increased risk of cardiac deaths in youths by 19% - Aug 2023
- 800x Higher Incidence of Myocardial Injury After Booster Vaccination - July 2023
- Atrial Fibrillation - now 1 in 45 in the UK - May 2023
- Airline pilot heart annual EKGs - 1 in 5 would have failed test if FAA had not changed the criteria - Jan 2023
- Athletic deaths now 7 X higher than normal - Dec 2022
- High dose vitamin D fights Folate gene changes by COVID, autoimmune, CVD, ALZ – Oct 2022
- COVID and CVD deadly pandemics share a risk factor: low vitamin D - April 2022
- Omega-3 decreases heart disease and COVID: Harris and Patrick, video and transcript - Dec 2021
- Vitamin D probably has a Role in Cancer, CVD, and COVID - video and transcript Dec 1, 2021
- Growing consensus: COVID-19 symptoms are due to infected blood vessels - April 2021
- COVID-19 hospitalizations: 63% associated with diabetes, obesity, hypertension or heart failure – Feb 2021
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- COVID-19 deaths 4 to 7 X more likely if Diabetic, Hypertensive, or CVD - meta-analysis March 2020
- Low heart rate variability (bad) is associated with low Vitamin D and COVID – many studies
Vitamin D Life -
39 Other Cardiovascular Meta-analyses - Little Vitamin D does not reduce risk of CVD – RCT meta-analysis Dec 2023
- COVID Vaccinations increased risk of cardiac deaths in youths by 19% - Aug 2023
- Afib 40% less likely after heart by-pass if have enough Vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2023
- Risk of heart failure increased 1.4X if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2022
- USPSTF says no evidence that Vitamins prevent CVD or Cancer (data disagrees) Aug 2022
- CAD patients with low vitamin D were 1.6 X more likely to die – 27th meta-analysis Aug 2022
- Recurrrent Cardiovascular deaths cut in half if 10 ng more Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2021
- Statin pain reduces Vitamin D levels by 4 ng ( 9 studies) - Meta-analysis July 2021
- Arterial stiffness reduced if use at least 2,000 IU of Vitamin D for 4 months – meta-analysis Dec 2019
- Blood vessels not helped by small vitamin D doses – meta-analysis Dec 2019
- Cardiovascular death 1.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – 22nd meta-analysis Nov 2019
- Vitamin D supplementation reduces many Cardiovascular Disease markers– meta-analysis July 2018
- Low-dose vitamin D does not help cardiovascular (many were 100-1,000 IU) – meta-analysis June 2019
- Heart Failure and Vitamin D meta-analyses - 2016, 2019
- Vitamin K (across all dose sizes and types) decrease Vascular Stiffness – meta-analysis - Dec 2018
- Small or infrequent doses of vitamin D do not reduce heart failure much – meta-analysis Jan 2018
- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Omega-3 reduced time in hospital and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery – meta-analysis May 2016
- Cardiovascular deaths 12 percent less likely if have 10 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- Health problems prevented by eating nuts (perhaps due to Magnesium and or Omega-3) – meta-analysis Dec 2016
- Atrial Fibrillation 1.3 times more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2016
- Coronary Artery Disease without diabetes 5 times more likely if VDR gene problems – meta-analysis May 2016
- Chronic Heart Failure not treated by Vitamin D, if dose size is ignored – meta-analysis Oct 2015
- Atrial fibrillation sometimes treated by Omega-3 – meta-analysis Sept 2015
- Peripheral Arterial Disease patients have low vitamin D levels – meta-analysis Oct 2015
- C-reactive protein (heart disease marker) reduced by vitamin D – meta-analysis 2014, 2019
- Cardiovascular disease associated with postmenopausal non-human primates – meta-analysis Jan 2015
- Adding Calcium does NOT cause cardiovascular problems (reverses their meta-analysis) – Dec 2014
- Statin pain associated with 10 ng less vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2014
- Risk of Cardiac failure reduced 20 percent by 800 IU of vitamin D and Calcium – meta-analysis July 2014
- Magnesium prevents cardiovascular events – Meta-analysis March 2013
- Cardiovascular disease 50 % more likely if low vitamin D - meta-analysis Nov 2012
- Omega-3 does not help heart patients – meta-analysis Sept 2012
- Half as many heart deaths for those with high levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2012
- Shift workers 23 percent more likely to have cardiovascular events – meta-analysis July 2012
- Low density lipoprotein cholesterol is predictable from vitamin D levels – meta-analysis March 2012
- 800 IU Vitamin D does not help heart – meta-analysis Aug 2011
- Calcium without vitamin D increased heart risk by 30 percent - Jan 2011
- Meta-analysis unsure if vitamin D can prevent cardiovascular disease – Sept 2010
See related in Vitamin D Life
- Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
- Angina dramatically reduced by injections of vitamin D twice a month (300,000 IU) – Jan 2015
- Heart Failure and Vitamin D meta-analyses - 2016, 2019
- Less likely to die of various causes if higher Vitamin D (data from 300,000 people) – Oct 2022
- 1.7 X less risk of Heart Failure death if previously had taken any amount of vitamin D - Jan 2022
- Heart patients 10 percent more likely to die for every 4 ng less vitamin D – May 2011
See also web
- .*Links between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Diseases - Feb 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/109275, FREE PDF
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